The creation of a work of art has been indicated to result from 'expressive awareness', achieved as the artist matches images and methods. This study examines how novices, who tend to express reproductively, acquire such expressive awareness over several weeks of practice of photography. We conducted case studies with two conditions: 1) one participant reflected only her own creative activities...

Abstract In the 1960s, a school formed in Heidelberg around Dieter Henrich that criticized—with reference to J. G. Fichte—the ‘reflection model’ of self-consciousness according which consists representational relation between two mental states or self-representation state. I present new “Heidelberg perspective” pre-reflective self-consciousness. According this approach, occurs varieties regular...

This paper measures flow in the context of gamification and investigates the psychometric properties of the Dispositional Flow Scale-2 (DFS-2). We employ data gathered from users of an exercise gamification service (N = 200). The results show that the original DFS-2 factorial structure does result in a similar model fit as the original work. However, we also present a factorial respecification ...

Many animals are self-aware. At any rate, I claim, the cumulative force of various empirical data and conceptual considerations makes it more reasonable to accept than to deny this thesis. Moreover, there are importantly different sorts of self-awareness. If my arguments are on the right track, then scientists and philosophers have significantly underestimated the case for animal self-awareness.

Setting aside the problems of recognising consciousness in a machine, this article considers what would be needed for a machine to have human-like consciousness. Human-like consciousness is an illusion; that is, it exists but is not what it appears to be. The illusion that we are a conscious self having a stream of experiences is constructed when memes compete for replication by human hosts. So...

Neurological disorders of body representation have for a long time suggested the importance of multisensory processing of bodily signals for self-consciousness. One such group of disorders--illusory own body perceptions affecting the entire body--has been proposed to be especially relevant in this respect, based on neurological data as well as philosophical considerations. This has recently bee...

This paper describes the self-awareness and self-control mechanisms of a general-purpose intelligent system, NARS. The system perceives its internal environment basically in the same way as how it perceives its external environment, though the sensors involved are completely different. NARS uses a “self” concept to organize its relevant beliefs, tasks, and operations. The concept has an innate ...

The reduction of self-consciousness due to anonymity provided by a group or the inability to be individually identified is known as deindividuation (DI; Festinger, Pepitone, & Newcomb, 1952). Previous DI research has been focused on group interactions (Festinger, Pepitone, & newcomb, 1952), anonymity (Zimbardo, 1969), and (more recently) computer-mediated communication (Lee, 2008). One previous...