Selenium toxicity was investigated in cultured rabbit lenses to provide further information about the role of Ca++ in Se cataract. At a dose of 0.1 mM for 20 hr, Se induces a 10% change in Na levels within 6 hr, a 30% increase after 20 hr, and a three-fold increase within 48 hr of subsequent culture after removal of Se. In contrast, Ca++ levels remained normal throughout the first 24 hr. Only a...

The effect of selenium applied as sodium selenite (Na2SeO3) on the cytotoxicity of vanadyl sulphate (VOSO4) was examined using CHO-K1 cells. From the resazurin-based assay, it appears that Na2SeO3 at low doses (0.5 and 1 μM) can enhance 100 μM VOSO4-induced cell damage. The two-way ANOVA analysis revealed that the increased cell damage was a consequence of a synergistic interaction of 0.5 μM Na...

The use of nanoparticles in consumer products is currently on the rise, so it important to have reliable methods predict any associated toxicity effects. Traditional vitro assays fail mimic true physiological responses living organisms against whereas murine vivo models are costly and ethically controversial. For these reasons, this study aimed evaluate efficacy Galleria mellonella as an altern...

The understanding of sulfur bonding is undergoing change. Old theories on hypervalency of sulfur and the nature of the chalcogen-chalcogen bond are now questioned. At the same time, there is a rapidly expanding literature on the effects of sulfur in regulating biological systems. The two fields are inter-related because the new understanding of the thiosulfoxide bond helps to explain the newfou...

The danger of methylmercury poisoning appears to be slight when the environment is not directly contaminated with methylmercury. Sediments rapidly bind mercury and decrease its availability to aquatic organisms. Sediments further have a greater propensity to demethylate than to methylate mercury. In noncontaminated aquatic ecosystems, the concentrations of methylmercury and inorganic mercury ar...

Dietary selenium (Se) is an essential micronutrient that exerts its biological effects through its incorporation into selenoproteins. This family of proteins contains several antioxidant enzymes such as the glutathione peroxidases, redox-regulating enzymes such as thioredoxin reductases, a methionine sulfoxide reductase, and others. In this review, we summarise the current understanding of the ...

Selenium (Se) supplementation in the nutritionally relevant range counteracts methylmercury (MeHg) toxicity. Since Se tends to be abundant in fish, MeHg exposures alone may not provide an accurate index of risk from fish consumption. Molar ratios of MeHg:Se in the diets and Hg:Se in tissues of exposed individuals may provide a more accurate index. This experiment compared MeHg toxicity in relat...

The objective of this study was to evaluate the reproductive toxicity of gossypol and the possible counteracting effect of selenium supplementation in rams. Twenty-five mature crossbred (Barki × Rahamni) rams were randomly divided into 5 equal groups. The first group served as a control (no gossypol in diet). The second and third groups received diets containing free gossypol of 9 and 14 mg·kg(...

Di(2-ethylhexyl)-phthalate (DEHP) is the most abundantly used phthalate derivative, inevitable environmental exposure of which is suspected to contribute to the increasing incidence of testicular dysgenesis syndrome in humans. Oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction in germ cells are suggested to contribute to phthalate-induced disruption of spermatogenesis in rodents, and Leydig cells a...

Locoweeds are perennial herbaceous plants included in Astragalus spp. and Oxytropis spp. that contain the toxic indolizidine alkaloid swainsonine. The livestock that consume locoweed feeding can suffer from a type of toxicity called "locoism." There are aliphatic nitro compounds, selenium, selenium compounds and alkaloids in locoweed. The toxic component in locoweeds has been identified as swai...