Collective intelligence refers to the ability of groups to outperform individual decision-makers. At present, relatively little is known about the mechanisms promoting collective intelligence in natural systems. We here test a novel mechanism generating collective intelligence: self-organization according to information quality. We tested this mechanism by performing simulated predator detectio...

AIMS How future doctors might be educated and trained in order to meet the population and system needs of countries is currently being debated. Incorporation of a broad range of capabilities, encompassed within categories of management and, increasingly, leadership, form part of this discussion. The purpose of this paper is to outline a framework by which countries' progress in this area might ...

In societies that make collective decisions through leadership, a fundamental question concerns the individual attributes that allow certain group members to assume leadership roles over others. Homing pigeons form transitive leadership hierarchies during flock flights, where flock members are ranked according to the average time differences with which they lead or follow others' movement. Here...

this study has two main purposes including examining the structural model of leadership stereotype, leadership competency, and achievement motivation in leadership role and investigating the moderating effects of gender on the overall model. using a sample of 303 extension agents from three jihad-e-agriculture organizations of tehran, kermanshah, and khorasan razavi provinces in iran, we conduc...

the main purpose of this research was to identify differences in the ferdowsi university of mashhad managers' leadership styles based on their philosophical mindedness. the research method was quantitative, non-experimental, explanatory, cross-sectional. 88 university managers completed and returned two questionnaires assessing their leadership styles and philosophical mindedness. the results s...

the purpose of this study is investigate the relationship between consequences of leadership and transformational leadership style in presidents of universities and institutes of tehran, 30 presidents in tehran and 102 raters (subordination of presidents) response to third edition of multifactor leadership questionnaire mlq (leader and rater version). the data were analyzed taking in to conside...

leadership is in fact a process of influencing followers. characteristics of leadership are functions of time and situation and differ in different cultures and countries. managers of international organizations should obtain enough knowledge of these cultural characteristics and differences and should have the utmost versatility while executing their leadership tasks. in this paper we have con...

in the last decade, with the entry of spirituality in the organizational and management research, spirituality leadership, also, has attracted a considerable amount of attention. the new realm of spiritual leadership, similar to both areas of spirituality and leadership, suffers from a lack of consensus and from variety in definition and impression. proposed models of spiritual leadership have ...

The Office of Inspector Generals completed its first session as well in December. Afghanistan’s President Karzai’s security detail will also be returning this spring for another week of leadership training through the Institute for the Study of Public Policy Implementation (ISPPI). Neil Kerwin was inaugurated as AU’s 14 president on February 8, after spending the past two years as acting presid...

The first anniversary of the Boston Marathon bombings reminds us of the critical importance of multiagency operational plans for high-threat civilian trauma response. Through the commitment of the many national and local leaders, we are more prepared than we were in 2013. Still, we must remain vigilant and continue to drive forward. The Department of Homeland Security, Department of Health and ...