The nature of ancient hydrological systems onMars has been the subject of ongoing controversy, driven largely by a disconnect between observational evidence for flowing water on the Martian surface at multiple scales and the incompatibility of such observations with theoretical models that predict a cold early Martian environment in which liquid water is unstable. Here we present geochemical da...

The mineralogy and evolution of Al and Mg in U mill tailings are poorly understood. Elemental analyses (ICP-MS) of both solid and aqueous phases show that precipitation of large masses of secondary Al and Mg mineral phases occurs throughout the raffinate neutralization process (pH 1-11) at the Key Lake U mill, Saskatchewan, Canada. Data from a suite of analytical methods (ICP-MS, EMPA, laborato...

Vitamin D deficiency is associated with several alterations in mineral metabolism [1]. Initially, the development of secondary hyperparathyroidism maintains normal circulating 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (1,25-vitamin D) and serum calcium values, but both these values decrease in advanced vitamin D deficiency. Serum phosphorus values usually decrease because of secondary hyperparathyroidism, but ra...

For Korean dialysis patients, chronic kidney disease-mineral bone disorder is a serious burden because of cardiovascular calcification and mortality. However, recent epidemiologic data have demonstrated that many patients undergoing maintenance hemodialysis are out of the target ranges of serum calcium, phosphorus, and intact parathyroid hormone. Thus, we felt the necessity for the development ...

Purpose: Experimental measurements of bone mineral density distributions (BMDDs) enable a determination of secondary mineralisation kinetics in bone, but the maximum degree of mineralisation and how this maximum is approached remain uncertain. We thus test computationally different hypotheses on late stages of bone mineralisation by simulating BMDDs in low turnover conditions. Materials and Met...