Among 5,043 invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) isolates identified through South African national surveillance from 2003 to 2007, we estimated the effect of trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMX) prophylaxis on antimicrobial resistance. Patients on TMP-SMX prophylaxis were more likely to have a pneumococcal isolate nonsusceptible to TMP-SMX, penicillin, and rifampin. TMP-SMX nonsusceptibility...

Accidental intra-arterial injection of intramuscular antibiotic preparations is described in 3 cases in infants. In 2 benzathine penicillin was injected, and in 1 rolitetracycline. The clinical features are dominated by arteriolar obstruction which produces gangrene of the most severely affected limb. In addition, neuroloigcal involvement occurs when vessels to nerves or spinal cord are involve...

During 1974 there was an apparent decrease in the reported amount of acute respiratory illness in the Navy and Marine Corps. Streptococcal infections continued to be controlled by the selective use of prophylactic benzathine penicillin in recruit training centers. Influenza immunization limited the impact of that illness, and serogroup C polysaccharide vaccine reduced the amount of meningococ...

Rheumatic fever is still the most commonly seen rheumatic disease in Brazilian pediatric rheumatology clinics. It remains a significant health problem since subsequent cardiac sequelae represent one of the most important causes of chronic heart disease in children. We reviewed the clinical manifestations of rheumatic fever in 786 patients followed at seven pediatric rheumatology clinics in the ...

BACKGROUND Treatment guidelines recommend the use of a single dose of benzathine penicillin G (BPG) for treating early syphilis in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected persons. However, data supporting this recommendation are limited. We examined the efficacy of single-dose BPG in the US Military HIV Natural History Study. METHODS Subjects were included if they met serologic criteria f...

BACKGROUND Yaws, one of the 17 neglected tropical diseases (NTDs), is targeted for eradication by 2020 in resolution WHA66.12 of the World Health Assembly (2013) and the WHO roadmap on NTDs (2012). The disease frequently affects children who live in poor socioeconomic conditions. Between 1952 and 1964, WHO and the United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF) led a global eradication campaign using i...

BACKGROUND The incidence of syphilis is increasing in many parts of the world. Clinicians may have limited experience in the diagnosis when the clinical appearance is unusual. If early diagnosis is not made and prompt treatment not given, then the disease may remain quiescent until more serious symptoms or systemic involvement develops. CASE PRESENTATION We report the first case of a delayed ...

The aetiology of genital ulceration was studied in 104 unselected patients (94 men, 10 women) attending a sexually transmitted disease (STD) clinic in the Gambia. Chancroid was diagnosed in 54 (52%), syphilis in 23 (22%), lymphogranuloma venereum (LGV) in seven (7%), and herpes in six (6%). In 28 (27%) patients no diagnosis was reached. Ten (10%) patients were found to have both chancroid and s...

BACKGROUND Primary prevention of acute rheumatic fever is achieved by proper antibiotic treatment of group A β -hemolytic streptococcal (GAS) pharyngitis. METHODS To assess noninferiority of oral amoxicillin to intramuscular benzathine penicillin G (IM BPG). Children (2 to 12 years) meeting enrollment criteria were randomized 1:1 to receive antibiotic treatment in 2 urban outpatient clinics i...

Syphilis is a sexually transmitted disease (STD) caused by the spirochete Treponema pallidum which is restricted to humans. Transmission occurs primarily during the infectious phase which consists of primary, secondary, and early latent syphilis. Primary syphilis is characterized by a painless ulcer approximately 3 weeks after exposure. Secondary syphilis is characterized by a generalized erupt...