The use of solvents in desalination processes limits the use of certain materials in the construction of the reverse osmosis membranes. Therefore now the research effort has focused on improving new materials. In particular, nanostructured materials will probably form the basis for new reverse osmosis membrane materials. This study makes a review of the new materials used for the construction o...

This study seeks to evaluate the performance and economic feasibility of the forward osmosis (FO)-reverse osmosis (RO) hybrid process; to propose a guideline by which this hybrid process might be more price-competitive in the field. A solution-diffusion model modified with film theory was applied to analyze the effects of concentration polarization, water, and salt transport coefficient on flux...

one of the most important concerns in tehran municipal landfill is the production of leachate and its potential for water resources pollution, this study was undertaken to examine feasibility of biological and physico/chemical treating of high-strength landfill leachate that was collected from tehran municipal landfill. average cod of the leachate in aerobic submerged membrane bioreactor is 68...

Pressure retarded osmosis has the potential to produce renewable energy from natural salinity gradients. This work presents the fabrication of thin-film composite membranes customized for high performance in pressure retarded osmosis. We also present the development of a theoretical model to predict the water flux in pressure retarded osmosis, from which we can predict the power density that ca...

The pressing problems of water scarcity in many parts the planet make desalination one technological solutions for guaranteeing fresh supply. However, processes require high energy consumption, mainly provided by fossil fuels. integration renewable sources into is a promising option decarbonizing sector. As most water-scarce regions with access to seawater frequently have solar irradiation leve...

This study proposes a new seawater desalination process using concentrated solar energy. Compared with conventional technologies, the proposed produces tap water high energy efficiency and lower environmental impact. The is based on type of boiler via “beam-down” optical system. To improve productivity, steam produced used to feed an adapted multiple-effect distillation (MED) A complete model f...

The use of modern high flux reverse osmosis membranes with low salinity feeds at high recovery rates, makes the measurement of fouling by flux decline difficult in practice. Early detection of fouling is important, because the onset of fouling occurs at a critical flux which is difficult to predict a priori. An alternative method, measuring the electrical properties of the membrane is proposed ...

one of the most important concerns in tehran municipal landfill is the production of leachate and its potential for water resources pollution, this study was undertaken to examine feasibility of biological and physico/chemical treating of high-strength landfill leachate that was collected from tehran municipal landfill. average cod of the leachate in aerobic submerged membrane bioreactor is 680...