The intermediate fluid vaporizer (IFV) is a new kind of vaporizer for liquefied natural gas (LNG). A thermal model was established based on the energy balance among the three typical parts of IFV, namely, evaporator, condenser and thermolator, whose mutual coupling and constraints were fully considered. Calculation codes were developed to solve the energy balance equations, in which the formula...

At low pressure and temperature, water is easily vaporized under partial vacuum pressure. Desalination of seawater as source of potable water is globally considered as an applied reliable technology. At low temperature and pressure, the heat transfer process yield is higher than any normal process. Therefore, the rate of vaporization of seawater is much higher than any usual processes. The part...

The alewife (Alosa pseudoharengus) is a clupeid that undergoes larval and juvenile development in freshwater preceding marine habitation. The purpose of this study was to investigate osmoregulatory mechanisms in alewives that permit homeostasis in different salinities. To this end, we measured physiological, branchial biochemical and cellular responses in juvenile alewives acclimated to freshwa...

BACKGROUND AND AIMS Despite concerns about the impact of rising sea levels and storm surge events on coastal ecosystems, there is remarkably little information on the response of terrestrial coastal plant species to seawater inundation. The aim of this study was to elucidate responses of a glycophyte (white clover, Trifolium repens) to short-duration soil flooding by seawater and recovery follo...

Constraining the history of seawater (234U/238U) is important because this ratio is used to assess the validity of U/ Th ages, and because it provides information about the past rate of physical weathering on the continents. This study makes use of U-rich slope sediments from the Bahamas in an attempt to reconstruct seawater (234U/238U) for the last 800 kyr. For the last 360 kyr, U/Th dating of...

In recent years, the ground penetrating radar (GPR) is increasingly used in the detection of riprap embankments. In order to analyze the costal embankment with explosive compaction, model experiments are conducted to investigate the influence of seawater on the signal and image of GPR, especially to figure out the image variation of riprap bottom boundary. The influence of immersion of seawater...

The split-pulse laser method is used to reinvestigate the optical attenuation of distilled water in the region from 430 to 630 nm. The studies are then extended to ionic solutions of NaCl, MgCl(2), and Na(2)SO(4), these salts forming the major constituents of seawater. The effect of the concentration of these constituents on optical attenuation is investigated. Further, optical attenuation stud...

Coastal aquifers are increasingly threatened by seawater intrusion due to increased urbanization, groundwater exploitation, and global sea-level rise. Pattern diagrams, which constitute the outcome of several hydro-geochemical processes, have traditionally been used to characterize vulnerability to seawater intrusion. However, the formats of such diagrams do not facilitate the geospatial analys...

This study examined the synergic effect of alloying the element Cr and the environmental element Mg2+ ions on the corrosion property of a low-alloy steel in seawater at 60 °C, by means of electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), linear polarization resistance (LPR) tests and weight-loss tests. The Mg2+ ions in seawater played an important role in lowering the electron transfer of the rust ...

A sample-pretreatment method using a chitosan-based chelating resin, ethylenediamine-N,N,N'-triacetate-type chitosan (EDTriA-type chitosan), was developed for the preconcentration of trace metals in seawater and separation of the seawater matrix prior to their determination by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). The resin showed very good adsorption for transition metals and ...