The mealybug Ferrisia gilli Gullan is a serious new pest of pistachios in California. It was first found near the town of Tulare in the late 1990s and has since spread to orchards in most pistachio-producing regions of the state. The seasonal phenology of F. gilli was evaluated in a commercial pistachio orchard in Tulare County during 2005 and 2006. During both seasons E gilli overwintered as s...

Light therapy (LT) has been widely used in the treatment of seasonal affective disorder. Recently some evidence indicated that LT may play a role in bipolar depression, either as monotherapy or in combination with total sleep deprivation (TSD). However, the studies examining the treatment effect of LT in bipolar depression resulted in inconsistent findings. To clarify the role of LT in the diso...

Suicide is a major cause of death in the USA and worldwide. There is a puzzle over the influence of sunlight on suicides that dates back to 1897: On the one hand, lack of sunlight is linked to seasonal affective disorder, and thereby more suicides. And yet curiously, the suicide rate peaks in spring/summer and midday. This paper sheds light on this debate, identifying the separate role of sunli...

A patient with recurrent summer depression for seven consecutive years is described, whose mood significantly worsened with increased environmental temperature. She had a family history of recurrent summer depression in both her brother and paternal grandmother with symptoms similar to those of typical endogenous depression. The patient's mood switched to hypomania with antidepressant therapy.

BACKGROUND Learned associations between depressive behavior and environmental stimuli signaling low light availability and winter season may play a role in seasonal affective disorder (SAD). The purpose of this study was to determine whether light and season environmental cues elicit emotional responses that are distinct in individuals with SAD. METHODS Twenty-four currently depressed SAD par...

BACKGROUND Patients with winter depression, (seasonal affective disorder, SAD) frequently complain of difficulty awakening in the morning. Dawn simulation has been found effective in treating SAD, but its effect on difficulty awakening has not been assessed. METHODS Fifty medication-free patients with SAD associated with hypersomnia were randomized to receive either 1 week of dawn simulation ...

OBJECTIVE This study tests the suggestion of earlier studies concerning the importance of genetic factors in the etiology of winter seasonal affective disorders (SADs) and subsyndromal winter SAD (S-SAD). METHOD Two study populations of Winnipeg, Manitoba residents were canvassed: 250 adults of wholly Icelandic descent and 1000 adults of non-Icelandic descent. We distributed the Seasonal Patt...

The Nature of Occupational Unemployment Rates in the United States: Hysteresis or Structural? This paper provides new evidence on the nature of occupational differences in unemployment dynamics, which is relevant for the debate between the structural or hysteresis hypotheses. We develop a procedure that permits us to test for the presence of a structural break at unknown date. Our approach allo...

BACKGROUND Abnormal distributions of birthdates, suggesting intrauterine aetiological factors, have been found in several psychiatric disorders, including one study of out-patients with Seasonal Affective Disorder (S.A.D.). We investigated birthdate distribution in relation to seasonal changes in well-being among a cohort who had completed the Seasonal Pattern Assessment Questionnaire (SPAQ). ...

background and objectives: dracocephalum kotschyi is a plant which belongs to the lamiaceae family and exists mostly in south-west asian countries, including iran. this plant is used as antispasmodic, analgesic and anti-inflammatory to treat rheumatoid diseases. methods: in order to investigate the impact of the harvesting time changes on the quantity and quality of mono- and sesquiterpenoid co...