[1] Salt release during sea ice formation in the Ross Sea coastal regions is regarded as a primary forcing for the regional generation of Antarctic Bottom Water. Passive microwave data from November 1978 through 2008 are used to examine the detailed seasonal and interannual characteristics of the sea ice cover of the Ross Sea and the adjacent Bellingshausen and Amundsen seas. For this period th...

Sea water intrusion into aquifers is problematic in many coastal areas. The physics and chemistry of this issue are complex, and sea water intrusion remains challenging to quantify. Simple assessment tools like analytical models offer advantages of rapid application, but their applicability to field situations is unclear. This study examines the reliability of a popular sharp-interface analytic...

[1] The process of mixing water masses that have differing temperatures, salinities, and pressures creates water that is typically denser than the average density of the source waters. Thus mixing the ocean, either along isopycnals or vertically, tends to decrease global sea level, even when no heat or salt is added to the ocean. This effect is small in the global ocean, but regional effects ca...

If a sol of colloidal ferric hydroxide is added to sea water, or if the hydroxide is formed in sea water by adding a solution of an iron salt, the aggregated molecules of hydroxide coalesce to form flocs which fall rather rapidly as a precipitate. When several thousand mg. of iron are added per cubic metre of sea water, flocculation is immediate; on adding 300-500 mg. Fe per m.3 in sufficiently...

Abstract The electrical energy storage is important right now, because it influenced by increasing human needs, and the battery a that being developed simultaneously. Furthermore, planned to switch lithium-ion batteries with sodium-ion abundance of sodium element its economical price compared lithium main point. components anode cathode have significant effect on performance. This review briefl...

Depth imaging techniques still face difficulties under the edges of salt bodies. Elf encountered such a problem in a 3-D survey in the North Sea where they hoped to image a reflector that lays beneath a salt body. Based on the 3-D data, Elf created 2-D synthetic model of the salt body and surrounding subsurface. By analyzing this synthetic model using Kirchoff depth migration and raytracing tec...