Abstract It is important to clarify the behavior of elements in reaction between molten CaO–SiO 2 –Fe t O–Al O 3 slag and liquid metal during remelting Cu scrap. To estimate desirable composition for retaining Sn metal, effects basicity concentrations Fe Al on SnO activity coefficient were investigated. Molten (with optional addition) was reacted with Pb–Sn alloy a pure crucible at 1573 K 5 h w...

System F is ubiquitous in logic, theorem proving, language meta-theory, compiler intermediate languages, and elsewhere. Along with its type abstractions come type applications, but these often appear redundant. This redundancy is both distracting and costly for typedirected compilers. We introduce System IF, for implicit System F, in which many type applications can be made implicit. It support...

Recent research has shown how boilerplate code, or repetitive code for traversing datatypes, can be eliminated using generic programming techniques already available within some implementations of Haskell. One particularly intractable kind of boilerplate is nameplate, or code having to do with names, name-binding, and fresh name generation. One reason for the difficulty is that operations on da...

Refactoring tools are extremely useful in software development: they provide automatic source code transformation tools for a variety of laborious tasks like renaming, formatting, standardisation, modernisation, and modularisation. A refactoring tool transforms part of a code base and leaves everything else untouched, including secondary notation like whitespace and comments. We describe a nove...

Recycling provides a key strategy to move towards a more sustainable society by partially mitigating the impact of fast-growing material consumption. Recent advances in reprocessing technologies enable recyclers to incorporate low-quality secondary materials into higher quality finished products. Despite technological development, the use of these materials in the re-melting stage to produce fi...

Today's economic environment has compelled health care organizations to explore methods to reduce health care costs. One prospective approach to controlling rising costs is to reprocess single-use medical devices. Reprocessing is rigorously regulated by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA). AORN, the Association of periOpera-tive Registered Nurses, recognizes the need for each health care ...

Health care is one of the largest contributors to waste production in the United States. Given increased awareness of the environmental and financial costs associated with waste disposal and its public health impact, many hospitals are adopting environmentally friendly practices that reduce waste production and offer equally effective, yet less expensive alternatives. Reprocessing of medical eq...

plastic recycling is the process of recovering scrap or waste plastics and reprocessing thematerial into useful products that sometimes differ completely in form from their original state. an importantissue in plastic recovery and recycling is that plastic waste usually contains a variety of plastics that differ intheir physical and chemical properties. separation of recovered plastics into dis...

The reduction of Cr(VI) by use of a cheap and locally available industrial waste, scrap iron, was investigated in continuous system. The experimental results showed that, at the beginning of the column experiment, Cr(VI) was not detected in column effluent, which means that it was completely reduced. The greater the pH of column influent, the lower the time period before the breakthrough of hex...

This paper incorporates owners' decisions to keep, repair or scrap their old vehicles into a simulation model of fleet emissions. This decision depends critically on the owner's perceived value of the vehicle, so we examine the factors affecting owners' valuations of their old vehicles using a unique longitudinal dataset. Willingness to accept for the vehicle is well predicted by mileage and co...