many reports have indicated the medical importance of animal poisons in iran. the significance numbers of iranians are injured from high endemic to sporadic, by venomous snakes, scorpions, wasps, bees, fire and velvet ants, spiders and backswimmer bugs, so their nuisance prevention is an important task.

Animal venoms have evolved many times. Venomous species are especially common in three of the four main groups of arthropods (Chelicerata, Myriapoda, and Hexapoda), which together represent tens of thousands of species of venomous spiders, scorpions, centipedes, and hymenopterans. Surprisingly, despite their great diversity of body plans, there is no unambiguous evidence that any crustacean is ...

Background Scorpions are among the world's venomous arthropods, they sting humans every year, suffering painful symptoms or losing their lives because of the venom. Odontobuthus doriae Thorell 1876 (Arachnida: Scorpionida: Buthidae) is a scorpion of medical importance and therefore its geographical distribution in Isfahan Province has been studied. Methods This descriptive cross-sectional stu...

The male of Megacormusgranosus is described for the first time and the female redescribed. A homology scheme proposed recently is applied to hemispermatophore structures. The specimens were collected in an oak forest from Pico de Orizaba Volcano at an average altitude of 2340 m. All adult males were collected by pitfall traps, whereas all adult females and both sex immatures were collected usin...

Recently, however, my own baby was stung by a scorpion. I gave him whiffs of chloroform and within two minutes he went under. The anaesthesia lasted for about ten minutes. Only for this short ^while was the child quiet. As soon as he came round, he began to cry as loudly as before, and the pain and suffering were as intense as ever. After about 3 hours, exhausted by crying and probably relieved...

The structure of the median and lateral eyes of the scorpion and the nature of the electroretinogram (ERG) have been described elsewhere, as has been the basic arrangement of apparatus used in the electrophysiological aspects of this study (Machan, 1966, 1967). The position of the shielding pigment in scorpion eyes has been shown to play a role in the general sensitivity of the eye (Machan, 196...

A new species of the genus Euscorpius Thorell, 1876 is described based on specimens collected from Bursa Province, in Marmara Region of Turkey. It is characterized by a mesotrichous trichobothrial pattern (Pv= 8, et= 6, em=4, eb= 4), medium size and light coloration. Euscorpius (Euscorpius) rahsenae sp. n. is the second species of the subgenus Euscorpius recognizedin Turkey.

A new scorpion species, Tityus (Tityus) grottoedensis sp. nov., is herein described based on male and female specimens collected in El Edén Cave and its vicinities (Tolima department, Colombia). The new species, which becomes the first scorpion described from a Colombian cave, is probably a eutroglophile or subtroglophile element; however, additional studies are needed to determine the degree o...

It is very common in all parts of India, and is highly extolled by the natives as a specific antidote for the bites of poisonous animals. The seeds are used in nydrophobia and in cases of snake bites. The flowering tops, rubbed with sugar and made into pills, are administered to persons bitten by mad dogs. The leaves rubbed into a pulp are applied to the bites of scorpions and centipedes with a...

Fluorescence is emitted by diverse living organisms. The analysis and interpretation of these signals may give information about their physiological state, ways of communication among species and the presence of specific chemicals. In this manuscript we review the state of the art in the research on the fluorescence emitted by plant leaves, fruits, flowers, avians, butterflies, beetles, dragonf...