In the 20th century, science and technology, which penetrated into every individual’s life after Enlightenment Industrial Revolution, gained a complete dominance over foremostly daily of humankind all other fields by demonstrating progress further than ground covered throughout human history. This process at same time has caused various kinds appearances within world thought humanity. By consid...

through the history and since 1933, the iranian rial has declined from 11.2 rials per dollar to almost 8600 rials per dollar today in the parallel or black market. at the same time the official rate has been kept at artificial level most of the time, not consistent with other macro conditions of the country. historically, however, the central bank has adjusted the official rate and brought it i...

there is a bilateral relationship between psychoanalysis and literature. literature enlivens the soul and psychoanalysis dissects literature. what psychoanalysts express today has attended in the past literature and is proposed now scientifically after psychoanalysis was identified as a science. by analyzing an art work from the perspective of psychology, it seems being possible to understand a...

The production of scientific knowledge is a social process that can be analysed with the help of conceptual tools drawn from economic science. A growing literature shows that this analysis is fruitful for the understanding of relevant cognitive aspects of the process of science and its outcomes, and can offer a middle ground between rationalist and constructivist paradigms. Three apoproaches ar...

(Library and Information Science Abstracts) database records were consulted. After detailed comparisons, it was found that keywords provided by authors have an important presence in the database descriptors studied; nearly 25% of all the keywords appeared in exactly the same form as descriptors, with another 21% though normalized , still detected in the descriptors. This means that almost 46% o...