The current study used a novel scene paradigm to investigate the role of encoding schemas on memory. Specifically, the study examined the influence of a strong encoding schema on retrieval of both schematic and non-schematic information, as well as false memories for information associated with the schema. Additionally, the separate roles of recollection and familiarity in both veridical and fa...

Joint attention, the tendency to spontaneously direct attention to where someone else is looking, has been thought to occur because eye direction provides a reliable cue to the presence of important events in the environment. We have discovered, however, that adults will shift their attention to where a schematic face is looking--even when gaze direction does not predict any events in the envir...

The article is primarily concerned with the notion of a truth-maker. An explication for this notion is offered, which relates it to other notions of making something such-andsuch. In particular, it is shown that the notion of a truth-maker is a close relative of a concept employed by van Inwagen in the formulation of his Consequence Argument. This circumstance helps understanding the general me...

BACKGROUND Previous studies revealed increased parietal late positive potentials (LPPs) in response to spider pictures in spider phobic individuals. This study searched for basic features of fear-relevant stimuli by investigating whether schematic spider images are sufficient to evoke differential behavioral as well as differential early and late ERP responses in spider phobic, social phobic (a...

Research has provided controversial results regarding the role of distraction (vs. attentional focus) during exposure therapy. In the present study, we manipulated the nature of the concepts activated during exposure. Sixty-six spider phobics were exposed to pictures of spiders and asked, or not, to form mental images of concepts that were either related or unrelated to spiders. At pre-exposure...

This paper addresses research issues and describes a prototype implementation for the computation of schematic maps. The generated layout mainly depends on two parameters, namely the shape of the schematic connections and the distance between connections. The quality of the results as well as different issues regarding its construction are discussed. Additionally several extensions that can be ...

The cut-elimination method CERES (for firstand higherorder classical logic) is based on the notion of a characteristic clause set, which is extracted from an LK-proof and is always unsatisfiable. A resolution refutation of this clause set can be used as a skeleton for a proof with atomic cuts only (atomic cut normal form). This is achieved by replacing clauses from the resolution refutation by ...

Figure 1. Schematic diagram of the experimental paradigm and results. (A) Binocular rivalry between orthogonally oriented gratings was tested before monocular deprivation and served as a behavioral baseline index for ocular dominance. During 120 minutes of monocular deprivation subjects wore a translucent eyepatch over the dominant eye. Two experimental conditions were tested for each subject: ...

PURPOSE The purpose of this study is to develop and analyze a method to obtain optical schematic models of individual eyes. Each model should be able to reproduce the measured monochromatic wave aberration with high fidelity. METHODS First, we choose a generic eye model as the input guess and then apply a two-stage customization procedure. Stage 1 consists of replacing, in the initial generic...

PURPOSE The study evaluated-theoretically and experimentally-the longitudinal chromatic aberration (LCA) and through-focus energy efficiency (TF-EE) of diffractive-refractive bifocal intraocular lenses (2f-IOLs). METHODS Four aspheric 2f-IOLs (Tecnis +4.00 diopter [D] ZMA00, +2.75 D ZKB00, and AcrySof +4.0 D SN6AD3, +2.5 D SV25T0) of same base power 30 D, but different design, additional (add...