Histometrical estimation of scar tissue was made on 28 hypertrophied human hearts obtained at autopsy in order to know the significance of scar tissue in the process of cardiac hypertrophy and in the development of cardiac failure. Estimation was made on histological specimens of the anterior wall of the left ventricle and the posteromedial papillary muscle, according to Chalkley's point counti...

Abnormal wound healing is likely to induce scar formation, leading to dysfunction, deformity, and psychological trauma in burn patients. Despite the advancement of medical care treatment, scar contracture in burn patients remains a challenge. Myofibroblasts play a key role in scar contracture. It has been demonstrated that myofibroblasts, as well as inflammatory cells, fibroblasts, endothelial ...

BACKGROUND Relaxin is a transforming growth factor β1 antagonist. To determine the effects of relaxin on scar reduction, we investigated the scar remodeling process by injecting relaxin-expressing adenoviruses using a pig scar model. METHODS Scars with full thickness were generated on the backs of Yorkshire pigs. Scars were divided into two groups (relaxin [RLX] and Control). Adenoviruses wer...

Many patients are dissatisfied with scars on both visible and non-visible body sites and would value any opportunity to improve or minimise scarring following surgery. Approximately 44 million procedures in the US and 42 million procedures in the EU per annum could benefit from scar reduction therapy. A wide range of non-invasive and invasive techniques have been used in an attempt to improve s...

The objective of this study was to observe the acute cytotoxic effects of hematoporphyrin monomethyl ether sonodynamic therapy (HMME-SDT) on hypertrophic scar fibroblasts of rabbit ears. We first assessed the effects of different irradiation times and HMME concentrations on the survival of hypertrophic scar fibroblasts using the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT)...

Background. Pulmonary vein antrum isolation (PVAI) uses radiofrequency (RF) energy to induce thermal damage to the left atrial (LA) substrate in an attempt to isolate atrial fibrillation (AF) circuits. This LA tissue injury can be seen using delayed enhancement MRI (DE-MRI). Methods. A group of twenty-five patients who presented for PVAI were scanned serially at two different time points. The f...

Traumatic injury to the adult mammalian CNS results in the formation of an astroglial-mesenchymal scar that seals the wound site but blocks axonal regeneration in the process. The mechanism that leads to this inhibition of axon outgrowth has been proposed to be either a physical barrier blocking the advancement of the growth cone or chemical factors actively inhibiting axon outgrowth. At presen...

Rhizobial infection of legume root hairs requires a rearrangement of the actin cytoskeleton to enable the establishment of plant-made infection structures called infection threads. In the SCAR/WAVE (Suppressor of cAMP receptor defect/WASP family verpolin homologous protein) actin regulatory complex, the conserved N-terminal domains of SCAR proteins interact with other components of the SCAR/WAV...

When the brain or spinal cord is injured, glial cells in the damaged area undergo complex morphological and physiological changes resulting in the formation of the glial scar. This scar contains reactive astrocytes, activated microglia, macrophages and other myeloid cells, meningeal cells, proliferating oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs), and a dense extracellular matrix. Whether the scar i...

Nerve-tissue interactions are critical. Peripheral nerve injuries may involve intraneural and extraneural scar formation and affect nerve gliding planes, sometimes leading to complex clinical presentations. All of these pathological entities involve pain as the main clinical symptom and can be subsumed under the term “painful scar neuropathy”. The authors review the literature on treatment appr...