This paper describes an advanced multi-scale weather modeling system, WRF–RTFDDA–LES, designed to simulate synoptic scale ( 2000 km) to smalland micro-scale ( 100 m) circulations of real weather in wind farms on simultaneous nested grids. This modeling system is built upon the National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR) community Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model. WRF has been en...

the effect of hydraulic retention time in a range from 1.0-5.5 days was evaluated in a laboratoryscaleanaerobic fixed bed reactor packed with a hybrid material composed of tire rubber and zeolite. underthese conditions, cod removal efficiencies varied from 28.3% to 82.1%, respectively. over the more than 6months of operation, no clogging was observed. the results obtained demonstrated that this...

With the continuing pressure on Australia’s water resources and interand intra-annual rainfall variability, farmers, especially in rainfed agricultural and pastoral zones, have been developing farm dams as a mean of providing additional water sources for irrigation and stock. The density of farm dams has increased over time, and an accurate knowledge of the spatial distribution of farm dams is ...

The STAR level-3 trigger is a MYRINET interconnected ALPHA processor farm, performing online tracking of N 53!#, 58000 particles (N 10*/5 445 per track) with a design input rate of R"100 Hz. A large-scale prototype system was tested in 12/99 with laser and cosmic particle events. ( 2000 Published by Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.

To the careless observer and general critic the making of a law is a very easy thing. But to the actual lawmaker who meets the usual difficulties and encounters the practical obstacles it is a very different matter, and it may be of interest to many to follow the course of a bill from beginning to end. In the first place it may be said that the legislature is only the "machine" through which la...

Agricultural producers have been experiencing significant income pressures, leading to a search for alternative sources of income. One of such is value-added agricultural businesses that allow the farmers to stay on the farm and undertake entrepreneurial ventures to improve their finances. How do farmers make sense of their environment as they consider their options for value-added business ven...

In this paper, non parametric Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) was subjected to the energy data of wheat producers in Punjab state, India, and technical, pure technical and scale efficiencies were calculated for farms both category wise and zone wise. The main objective was to determine the strength of the correlation between non-parametric efficiencies and indices such as energy ratio and speci...

Operational models of economic activity, particularly at the farm scale, have become commonly used, and widely accepted methods and applications exist. Operational models of ecological systems probably have less of a history but processes of species interaction and succession are well documented. Relationships between economic farm-scale variables and resultant ecological diversity, however, ar...

Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (Map) causes Johne's disease, with large economic consequences for dairy cattle producers worldwide. Map spread between farms is mainly due to animal movements. Locally, herd size and management are expected to influence infection dynamics. To provide a better understanding of Map spread between dairy cattle farms at a regional scale, we describe the ...

This paper presents two findings in wind farm layout uncertainty analysis research: sensitivity to parameters and representation of landowner participation. It first tests a farm design optimization model's sensitivity to the parameters of surface roughness, economies-of-scale cost reduction, and wind shear. Then, the paper presents a new and novel landowner participation model of willingness-t...