insects with over 30,000 aquatic species are known as very successful arthropods in freshwater habitats. some of them are applied as biological indicators for water quality control, as well as the main food supply for fishes and amphibians. the faunistic studies are the basic step in entomological researches; the current study was carried out emphasizing on the fauna of aquatic insects in karaj...

bedload transport is an essential component of river dynamics and estimation of its rate is important to many aspects of river management. in this study, measured bedload by helley- smith sampler was used to estimate the bedload transport of kurau river in malaysia. an artificial neural network, genetic programming and a combination of genetic programming and a neural network were used to estim...

water quality trading is a new approach in pollution control which satisfies water quality standards suggesting minimum cost solutions. this method uses tradable discharge permits based on pollution transfer coefficient in a river. this paper tries to establish a water quality trading program in a river basin according to transfer coefficients between pollution sources and evaluate cost effecti...

the little zab river in northwestern iran rises from the mountains piranshehr and flows from the northwest to the southeast direction to join iraq from alan passage. the river basin contains a large number of ancient settlements, and its lower area that is close to the zab river has been the most interesting place for people in the neolithic age. an increasing population during chalcolithic age...

Analyses and investigations on river flow behavior are major issues in design, operation and studies related to water engineering. Thus, recently the application of chaos theory and new techniques, such as chaos theory, has been considered in hydrology and water resources due to relevant innovations and ability. This paper compares the performance of chaos theory with Anfis model and discusses ...

rangeland health assessment provides qualitative information on ecosystemattributes. we examined changes in rangeland health in the zagros semi-arid rangelands ofiran at fixed sites between 2001 and 2011, over the 10-year period. the rangelandfragments significantly declines in the quality of the vegetation, and changes in plantspecies were driven largely by seasonality, and to a lesser extent,...

The Persian Gulf is an important economic and geo-political region. Owing to its oil and gas resources, it is one of the busiest waterways in the world. There are many operating oil wells in the northern part of the Persian Gulf . As a result, the risk of contaminant dispersion is high. The deliberate discharge of 6.3 million barrels of crude oil during the 1991 war against Kuwait in this regio...