By combining density functional molecular dynamics simulations with a thermodynamic integration technique, we determine the free energy of metallic hydrogen and silica, SiO2, at megabar pressure and thousands of degrees Kelvin. Our ab initio solubility calculations show that silica dissolves into fluid hydrogen above 5000 K for pressures from 10 and 40 megabars, which has implication for the ev...

The objective of the present study was to establish a methodology using tracer substances for the evaluation of the distribution and amount of spray deposits, with the possibility to adjust the surface tension of the spraying solution. The following products were tested: 0.15% Brilliant Blue, 0.15% Saturn Yellow in 0.015% Vixilperse lignosulfonate and 0.005% sodium fluorescein, and mixtures of ...

An understanding of the structure and composition of the giant planets is rapidly evolving because of (i) high-pressure experiments with the ability to study metallic hydrogen and define the properties of its equation of state and (ii) spectroscopic and in situ measurements made by telescopes and satellites that allow an accurate determination of the chemical composition of the deep atmospheres...

0019-1035/$ see front matter 2011 Elsevier Inc. A doi:10.1016/j.icarus.2011.05.031 ⇑ Corresponding author. E-mail address: [email protected] (H.F. Levison We present a scenario for building the equatorial ridge and de-spinning Iapetus through an impact-generated disk and satellite. This impact puts debris into orbit, forming a ring inside the Roche limit and a satellite outside. This satelli...

Zonal flow on Jupiter and Saturn consists of equatorial super-rotation alternating East–West jet streams at higher latitudes . Interacting with these zonal flows, numerous vortices occur various sizes lifetimes. The Juno mission Cassini’s grand finale have shown that the jets extend deeply into their molecular envelopes. On Jupiter, vast majority low mid-latitude jovian are anticyclonic, wherea...

The excitation of density and bending waves in Saturn's C ring by planetary oscillation modes presents a unique opportunity to learn about gas giant interiors rotation. However, theoretical complications related rapid differential rotation pose barrier the full utilization wave detections. We calculate using complete, non-perturbative treatment modelled after zonal winds self-consistently compu...

The results of a high-pressure experiment that re-creates the temperatures and pressures inside Jupiter Saturn reconcile disparate space-based observations.

The effective temperature of Saturn from 30øS to 10øN is 96.5 + 2.5 K. This value is 1.9 K higher than our preliminary estimate (Ingersoll et al., 1980). The atmospheric mole fraction of H2 relative to H2 + He is 90 + 3%. This value is derived by comparing infrared and radio occultation data (Kliore et al., this issue) for the same latitude. The high value of the effective temperature suggests ...

Observations suggest that moist convection plays an important role in the large-scale dynamics of Jupiter’s and Saturn’s atmospheres. Here we use a reduced-gravity quasigeostrophic model, with a parameterization of moist convection that is based on observations, to study the interaction between moist convection and zonal jets on Jupiter and Saturn. Stable jets with approximately the same width ...