During voluntary contraction, firing rates of individual motor units (MUs) increase modestly over a narrow force range beyond which little additional increase in firing rate is seen. Such saturation of MU discharge may be a consequence of extrinsic factors that limit net synaptic excitation acting on motor neurons (MNs) or may be due to intrinsic properties of the MNs. Two sets of experiments i...

Thecosome pteropods are abundant upper-ocean zooplankton that build aragonite shells. Ocean acidification results in the lowering of aragonite saturation levels in the surface layers, and several incubation studies have shown that rates of calcification in these organisms decrease as a result. This study provides a weight-specific net calcification rate function for thecosome pteropods that inc...

This paper deals with the stability analysis and anti-windup design of discrete-time systems subject to actuator saturation. We present a new saturationdependent Lyapunov function to estimate the domain of attraction, which is then formulated and solved as a constrained LMI optimization problem. Further we propose an anti-windup compensation method to enlarge the domain of attraction in the pre...

Changes in oxygen saturation and heart frequency were measured during sleep in a group of 21 normal subjects (9 women and 12 men) aged 19-25. At the time of the investigation all were non-smokers, they had no respiratory complaints, and indices of lung function (lung volumes, volume-pressure diagram, and diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide) were within normal limits. In contrast to published...

The difference between average pressures of two immiscible fluids is commonly assumed to be the same as macroscopic capillary pressure, which is considered to be a function of saturation only. However, under transient conditions, a dependence of this pressure difference on the time rate of saturation change has been observed by many researchers. This is commonly referred to as dynamic capillari...

This paper is devoted to stability analysis and synthesis of uncertain systems subject to input saturation. A new parameter-dependent Lyapunov function analyzing approach is proposed to reduce the conservatism in stability analysis for the polytopic systems subject to input saturation. Some new stability conditions and a gain-scheduling controller design method are then developed by the LMI opt...

The paper presents a new analytical saturation throughput model of IEEE 802.11 DCF (Distributed Coordination Function) with basic access in adhoc mode. The model takes into account freezing of the backoff timer when a station senses a busy channel. It is shown that taking into account this feature of DCF is important in modeling saturation throughput – yields more accurate results than models k...

`gym-saturation` is an OpenAI Gym environment for reinforcement learning (RL) agents capable of proving theorems. Currently, only theorems written in a formal language the Thousands Problems Theorem Provers (TPTP) library clausal normal form (CNF) are supported. implements 'given clause' algorithm (similar to one used Vampire and E Prover). Being Python, was inspired by PyRes. In contrast monol...

In this present study the dissolved air flotation (DAF) system was investigated for the treatment of Kermanshah Oil Refinery wastewater. The effect of three parameters on flotation efficiency including of flow rate (outflow from the flotation tank), saturation pressure and coagulant dosage on chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal was examined experimentally. All the experiments were done under a...