A methodology for predicting scaling in membrane distillation (MD), which considers thermodynamics, kinetics, and fluid mechanics, is developed and experimentally validated with calcium sulfate. The theory predicts the incidence of scaling as a function of temperature, concentration, and flow conditions by comparing the nucleation induction time to the residence time and applying an experimenta...

In an earlier comparative study reported between Flutter device and Autogenic Drainage, Skaria et al. [5], found that Flutter device is more effective than the forced expiratory technique i.e. Autogenic Drainage. They reported greater improvement in terms of oxygen saturation and peak expiratory flow rate in the patients of moderate chronic bronchitis, who had used Flutter device. Ernst et al. ...

The report investigates fundamental trade-offs related to the static regulation performance in networked control systems with delay and saturation in the feedback loop. The trade-offs are a consequence of required L2-stability of the networked system, in the limit where the delay tends to infinity. First a relation between the relative static regulation accuracy and the static gain of the part ...

The purpose of this study was to compare the prevalence and implications of expiratory flow limitation (EFL) during exercise in boys and girls. Forty healthy, prepubescent boys (B; n=20) and girls (G; n=20) were tested. Subjects completed pulmonary function tests and an incremental cycle maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max) test. EFL was recorded at the end of each exercise stage using the % tidal vo...

During oversaturation, a popular objective in traffic signal operations is to maximize throughput in order to keep traffic moving. As cycle lengths are increased, the proportion of " lost time " used to transition between signal phases is reduced. This is often a rationale for programming long cycle lengths into signal timing plans. To investigate the impact of cycle length, this paper revisits...

Soil vapour extraction (SVE), is the primary method used in the world to remove volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from unsaturated subsurface porous media. The objective of this work is to study the change of the soil air relative permeability during continuous venting and removal of contaminant from a polluted soil. Once the flow starts, the contaminants will volatilize and the volume of liqui...

OBJECTIVES Near-infrared spectroscopy monitors cerebral oxygen saturation. This parameter parallels jugular venous oxygen saturation and reflects the balance between cerebral oxygen supply and demand. Experience with near-infrared spectroscopy in univentricular physiology is limited. This study explores the relationship between cerebral oxygen saturation, jugular venous oxygen saturation, and o...