Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) is an essential enzyme that terminates cholinergic transmission by rapid hydrolysis of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine. Compounds inhibiting this enzyme can be used (inter alia) to treat cholinergic deficiencies (e.g. in Alzheimer's disease), but may also act as dangerous toxins (e.g. nerve agents such as sarin). Treatment of nerve agent poisoning involves use of ...

In recent animal studies, several novel oxime compounds that are better than 2-PAM as antidotes against selected organophosphate (OP) nerve agents have been identified. The purpose of this study was to develop and validate a liquid chromatographic-mass spectrometric (LC-MS) method for analysis of the bis-pyridinium oxime ICD-585 (1-(2-hydroxyiminomethylpyridinium)-3-(4-carbamoylpyridinium)-prop...

We can’t preclude the possibility of the use of chemical agents by terrorists I can recall the attempt committed with Sarin in the Tokyo-subway in 1995. For that reason it is necessary to know the chemical situation in the battlefield and in our urban environment as well, for example in the subway. Actually the possible detection principles of toxic-agent-detection-devices are chemical (simple ...

I. Foreword Our studies are directed at determining the adsorption mechanisms and reaction pathways for the chemical warfare agent simulant (CWA) for GB (Sarin) on metal oxide surfaces and nanoparticles. By learning about how surface structure, nanoparticle size, composition, and surface co-adsorbates affect the overall interfacial chemistry, we are providing insight that can be applied toward ...

The long-term sequelae of acute sarin exposure are not well understood. The largest clinical cohort resulted from the 1994 and 1995 attacks in Japan. Observers noted mostly psychiatric sequelae, with a high prevalence of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). We describe neurocognitive findings that may represent sequelae of low-level sarin exposure in Iraq.

The chemical sensing of nerve gas agents has become an increasingly important goal due to the 1995 terrorist attack in a Tokyo subway as well as national security concerns in regard to world affairs. Chemical detection needs to be sensitive and selective while being facile, portable, and timely. In this paper, a sensing approach using a pyrene imine molecule is presented that is fluorimetric in...