Considering the importance of salt and water on earth, the crystallization of salt hydrates next to solid surfaces has important implications in physical and biological sciences. Heterogeneous nucleation is driven by surface interactions, but our understanding of hydrate formation near surfaces is limited. Here, we have studied the hydrate formation of three commonly prevalent salts, MgCl2, CaC...

342 NATURE | VOL 399 | 27 MAY 1999 | www.nature.com A micro-Raman spectrometer was used for the further characterization of the deposited diamond. A laser beam of 1-mm spot size was focused onto the crystallites. Figure 3 shows the resulting Raman spectrum: it exhibits a first-order diamond peak centred at 1,332.8 cm. The high intensity of the diamond peak, its small full-width at half-maximum ...

The objective of this dissertation is to shed light on the physical properties of InN epilayers grown by High-Pressure Chemical Vapor Deposition (HPCVD) for optical device applications. Physical properties of HPCVD grown InN layers were investigated by X-ray diffraction, Raman scattering, infrared reflection spectroscopies, and atomic force microscopy. The dependencies of physical properties as...

We present results of an experimental study of the timing and phase dynamics in a mode-locked Ti:sapphire laser. By measuring the response of two widely spaced comb lines to a sinusoidal modulation of the pump power, we determine quantitatively the response of both the central pulse time and the phase. Because of the distinct response of the pulse energy, central frequency, and gain to the modu...

Optically-based chemical and biological sensors require optoelectronic devices with specific emission and detection wavelength ranges. Semiconductor optoelectronic devices applicable to this sensing are of particular interest due to their low power consumption, compact size, long lifetime, and low cost. We report the electrical and optical properties of deep UV p-i-n photodiodes (PDs) based on ...

Ultrashort pulse lasers are evidencing their benefits in the processing of transparent materials. Sapphire is one most attractive engineering materials today. It hard and, therefore, difficult to machine mechanically required shape. Laser dicing promising techniques for sapphire separation. Two-pulse two-colour irradiation was applied initiate free-shape cutting material. Two collinear laser be...

Total internal reflection (TIR) Raman and reflectivity spectra were collected for nonresonant analytes as a function of incident angle at sapphire or sapphire/smooth 50 nm gold interfaces using 785 nm excitation. For both interfaces, the Raman signal as a function of incident angle is well-modeled by the calculated interfacial mean square electric field (MSEF) relative to the incident field tim...