year during the respective seasons and the authorities are unable to cope with the precautionary work when the diseases have taken their foothold, and the people have been scared into a panic, so much so that sanitary or medical advice counts for nothing. Invariably the villagers resort to methods objectionable and mischievous, that is lodging in non-infested localities and thus spreading the d...

We wish to draw the particular attention of our readers to a volume which lias been recently issued from the India Office, entitled;?" Report on Measures adopted for Sanitary Improvements in India, from June 1869 to June 1870, together with Abstracts of Sanitary Reports for 1868, forwarded from Bengal, Madras, and Bombay." This is a sanitary multum in parvo, and should be in the hands of every ...

AIMS To evaluate different strategies for description of the sanitary quality of industrial-scale composting. METHODS AND RESULTS The investigation included microbiological analyses of waste at different stages during the process (spot test analysis), as well as physical and chemical parameters. The elimination of indicator organisms was also investigated by means of direct process evaluation...

TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. PURPOSE AND SCOPE ..................................................................................................... 2 2. RELATIONSHIP TO LICENCE AND OTHER RELEVANT LEGISLATION ......................... 2 3. RELATIONSHIP TO SAPS, WENRA REFERENCE LEVELS AND IAEA SAFETY STANDARDS .................................................................................................

Pigs are confronted with changes in farming practices that may affect performance and animal well-being. The sanitary conditions of the farm can have an impact on the ability of pigs to adapt to these changes. This study aimed to analyse how weaned pigs respond to common farming practices of changes in diet and housing in terms of performance, health and behaviour, and how these responses are a...

BACKGROUND European and national administrative legislation require objective evaluation systems for organ lesions at pig slaughter. These results can be used as basis for herd health improvement programs by farmers and their consulting veterinarians. Various studies have shown that the current evaluation and recording of lesions by authorized meat inspectors are not reliable and produce signif...

Transfers are often used by bureaucracies, especially in emerging economies, in an attempt to reward or punish their staff. Yet we know little about whether, and how, transfer mechanisms can help incentivize performance. Using transfers to induce performance is challenging, as heterogeneity in preferences over which postings are desirable non-trivially impacts the effectiveness of such schemes....

The WHO Consensus Document on the epidemiology of the SARS epidemic in 2003, included a report on a concentrated outbreak in one Hong Kong housing block which was considered a 'super-spreading event'. The WHO report conjectured that the sanitary plumbing system was one transmission route for the virus. Empty U-traps allowed the aerosolised virus to enter households from the sewerage system. No ...