Young Aboriginal children in remote regions of tropical and desert Australia are at risk of developing urate stones in their upper urinary tract from an early age. These radiolucent calculi were only recognized with the availability of ultrasound diagnosis and are not associated with anatomic anomalies or abnormal uric acid production/metabolism. Although these stones appear to resolve spontane...

BACKGROUND Calcium phosphate (CaP) renal stones appear to be increasing in prevalence, and are caused by high urine CaP supersaturation, which arises from genetic hypercalciuria and high urine pH. Renal damage from stones or procedures, or treatments for stone could raise urine pH; alternatively pH may be intrinsically high in some people who are thereby predisposed to CaP stones. METHODS To ...

Purpose To compare the results of a chemical method of kidney stone analysis with the results of Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy. Materials and Methods Kidney stones collected between June and October 2015 were simultaneously analyzed by chemical and FT-IR methods. Results Kidney stones (n=449) were collected from patients from 1 to 81 years old. Most stones were from adults...

BACKGROUND Cholestatic jaundice (CJ) in patients with sickle cell disease (SCD) poses diagnostic and therapeutic dilemmas. This is an evaluation of the role of ERCP in SCD. METHODS A total of 224 SCD patients with CJ had ERCP. The indications for ERCP were based on clinical and biochemical evidence of CJ and ultrasound findings. RESULTS The indications were: CJ only in79, CJ and dilated duc...

Unlike green sand, chemically bonded sand cannot be used again and again without reclamation because in this system, the mixed sand gets it`s strength through chemical reaction which is irreversible in nature. Each sand particle is coated with this reacted chemical, which behaves like an inert element after usage once. This inert coating also called “Dead” binder needs to be removed from the us...

It is still unclear as to the exact mechanisms that lead to bladder stones or a similar condition called hypercalcinuria in the rabbit. Hypercalcinuria is a high calcium content of the urine where large stones do not form, but rather there is an abundance of smaller crystals that cause the urine to be thick, white and difficult to pass. This condition is often referred to as bladder sludge. It ...

The pathogenesis of hemolysis-induced gallstones was studied in mice with a hereditary hemolytic disease called normoblastic anemia (genotype nb/nb) and in their normal controls (genotype +/+). Infrared spectroscopy demonstrated that spontaneously formed gallstones from nb/nb mice were nearly identical to stones from patients with chronic hemolysis as the result of sickle cell disease, and both...

High intakes of calcium, potassium, and fluids have been shown to be associated with lowered risk of kidney stones. The authors studied the associations between diet and risk of kidney stones in a cohort of 27,001 Finnish male smokers aged 50-69 years who were initially free of kidney stones. All men participated in the Alpha-Tocopherol, Beta-Carotene Lung Cancer Prevention Study and completed ...

Correlation of the composition of the urinary calculi with urine pH, especially of diurnal variation, and composition of urinary excretion was studied. Urine pH in the patients with uric acid stones was constantly low and urinary pH in the patients with apatite and struvite stones was always high. Diurnal variation was not observed. In patients with pure calcium oxalate stones, however, urinary...