The health consequences of sand particle inhalation are incompletely understood. This project evaluated the respiratory toxicity of sand particles collected at military bases near Fort Irwin USA, in Iraq (Camp Victory, Taji and Talil), and Khost Afghanistan. Our primary focus was on assessing the role of soluble metals in the respiratory toxicity of the sand particles using in vitro and in vivo...

CDCminiature light traps were used to evaluate the general biology of phlebotomine sand ßies from April 2003 to November 2004 at Tallil Air Base, Iraq. Factors evaluated include species diversity and temporal (daily and seasonal) and geographic distribution of the sand ßies. In addition, the abundance of sand ßies inside and outside tents and buildings was observed. In total, 61,630 sand ßies w...

Foundries for the metal-casting industry plays a vital role to generate byproducts such as used foundry sand. Metal foundries use large amounts of the metal casting process. Foundries successfully recycle and reuse the sand many times in a foundry but by using repeated usage of Used foundry-sand vary due to the type of equipment used for foundry processing, the types of additives, the number of...

In laboratory sandpack tests for heavy oil recovery by alkaline flooding, it was found that wettability alteration of the sand had a significant impact on oil recovery. In this work, a heavy oil of 14 API was used to examine the effect of organic acids in the oil and water chemistry on wettability alteration. From interfacial tension measurements and sand surface composition analysis, it was c...

The uniaxial compression response of manufactured sand mortars proportioned using different water-cement ratio and sand-cement ratio is examined. Pore structure parameters such as porosity, threshold diameter, mean diameter, and total amounts of macropores, as well as shape and size of micropores are quantified by using mercury intrusion porosimetry (MIP) technique. Test results indicate that s...

Conventional sand casting processes often take many weeks or months to produce the tooling required for a casting, in particular the fabrication of sand core arrays for hollow features in a casting. SLS is already being applied to produce complex sand core geometries and reduce production times, but a new development of discretely laying down two different materials and removing one after sinte...

Mymensingh is the most endemic district for kala-azar in Bangladesh. Phlebotomus argentipes remains the only known vector although a number of sand fly species are prevalent in this area. Genotyping of sand flies distributed in a VL endemic area was developed by a PCR and restriction-fragment-length polymorphism (RFLP) of 18S rRNA gene of sand fly species. Using the RFLP-PCR analysis with AfaI ...

The Husab Sand Lizard (Pedioplanis husabensis Berger-Dell’Mour and Mayer, 1989) is a recently described lacertid lizard endemic to a small region in the central Namib Desert. Although this species is of conservation concern, very little is known about how this lizard functions in its environment. We used the doubly labeled water method to measure the field energetics in this lizard species and ...

In a small shallow fjord with predominantly wind-driven circulation, larvae of the sand dollar Dendraster excentricus (Eschscholtz) do not persist for longer than 2 wk after a local population in the fjord spawns. Changes in distnbuhon and abundance of larval cohorts indicate that larvae are advected out of the fiord and thus contribute to a regional larval pool. A series of plankton samples at...

Sand dollars of the genus Mellita are members of the sandy shallow-water fauna. The genus ranges in tropical and subtropical regions on the two coasts of the Americas. To reconstruct the phylogeography of the genus we sequenced parts of the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase I and of 16S rRNA as well as part of the nuclear 28S rRNA gene from a total of 185 specimens of all ten described morphospe...