metabolic alkalosis is characterized by high hco3- as it is seen in chronic respiratory acidosis, but ph differentiates the two disorders. there is no characteristic symptom or sign. orthostatic hypotension may be encountered. weakness and hyporeflexia occur if serum k+ is markerdly low. tetany and neuromuscular irritability occur rarely. we report the results of retrospective data analysis of ...

Mountain rangelands are critical resources for mobile pastoralists, and they provide benefits to humankind broadly. Yet mountain pastoral social–ecological systems (SESs) face challenges that affect both mountains rangelands. Herders' traditional ecological knowledge (TEK) underpins their adaptive strategies serves as a resource future adaptation. This holistic case study of Ilemchane transhuma...

Spatial measures of terrestrial biomass that are accurate and repeatable are important to monitoring landscape condition and modeling productivity in the world’s grassland and savanna (i.e., rangeland) ecosystems. Remote sensing offers potential to characterize seasonal changes in biomass in a consistent and non-destructive manner. A high degree of structural and spatial heterogeneity [1] and i...

This paper addresses the following hitherto unstudied question in renewable resource management: How should a resource manager set the temporal control optimally for renewable resources such as rangelands and fisheries that are managed with spatial and temporal controls? We use a dynamic and stochastic framework to first derive the resource manager’s long run average net cost function. We then ...