The role of vibrational dynamics in the vicinity of conical intersections is investigated using the first two electronically excited states of 1,4-diazabicyclo[2,2,2]octane (DABCO) by combining time-resolved photoelectron spectroscopy with ab initio computation. Upon resonant excitation of the origin band of the short-lived S2 (1E') state, oscillations in the electronic population between the S...

The amygdala is a critical substrate for learning about cues that signal danger. Less is known about its role in processing innocuous or background information. The present study addressed this question using a sensory preconditioning protocol in male rats. In each experiment, rats were exposed to pairings of two innocuous stimuli in stage 1, S2 and S1, and then to pairings of S1 and shock in s...

Various studies suggest that non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep, especially slow-wave sleep (SWS), is vital to the consolidation of declarative memories. However, sleep stage 2 (S2), which is the other NREM sleep stage besides SWS, has gained only little attention. The current study investigated whether S2 during an afternoon nap contributes to the consolidation of declarative memories. Partic...

For simplicity, we adopt the following convention: X is a complex unitary space, x, y, w, g, g1, g2 are points of X, z is a Complex, q, r, M are real numbers, s1, s2, s3, s4 are sequences of X, k, n, m are natural numbers, and N1 is an increasing sequence of naturals. Let us consider X, s1. We say that s1 is convergent if and only if: (Def. 1) There exists g such that for every r such that r > ...

Excited state dynamics of S2 and S1 states for a series of TPM dyes, pyrogallol red (PGR), bromopyrogallol red (Br-PGR) and aurin tricarboxylic acid (ATC), have been monitored by using ultrafast transient absorption and fluorescence up-conversion techniques. Optical absorption studies indicate that all the TPM dyes exist as keto-enol tautomers depending upon the pH of the solution. Interestingl...

Two experiments were conducted to examine whether the N2 component of the event-related potential (ERP), typically elicited in a S1-S2 matching task and considered to reflect mismatch process, can still be elicited when the S1 was imagined instead of perceived and to investigate how N2 amplitude varied with the degree of S1-S2 discrepancy. Three levels of discrepancy were defined by the degree ...

Search in cyclic AND/OR graphs was traditionally known to be an unsolved problem. In the recent past several important studies have been reported in this domain. In this paper, we have taken a fresh look at the problem. First, a new and comprehensive theoretical framework for cyclic AND/OR graphs has been presented, which was found missing in the recent literature. Based on this framework, two ...

Laudal’s Lemma states that if C is an integral curve in P3 of degree d > s2 + 1 and Z is its general plane section, then C is contained in a surface of degree s provided that Z is contained in a curve of degree s. The aim of this paper is to extend Laudal’s Lemma to possibly reducible curves proving that, under the unavoidable hypothesis that the Hilbert function of the generic plane section is...