An anticipatory system S2 is one which contains a model of a system S1 with which it interacts. This model is a predictive model; its present states provide information about future states of S1. Further, the present state of the model causes a change of state in other subsystems of S2; these subsystems are (a) involved in the interaction of S2 with S1, and (b) they do not affect (that is, are ...

the value of good X (x-axis) and such that the response is menu dependent (red when X is offered against Y, blue when X is offered against Z). Transitivity violations (i.e., cases where x-axis orderings are not conserved on the y-axis) are possible, as for X1, X2, X3. However, if the representation is menu invariant (i.e., if red and blue lines coincide), transitivity violations cannot occur. I...

Let M be a closed 4-manifold with π = π1(M) 6= 1 and π2(M) ∼= Z, and let u : π → Aut(π2(M)) be the natural action. If π ∼= Ker(u) × Z/2Z then M is homotopy equivalent to the total space of an RP -bundle over an aspherical surface. We show here that if π is not such a product then M is homotopy equivalent to the total space of an S-orbifold bundle over a 2orbifold B. There are at most two such o...

[1] The principal solar semidiurnal tide (S2) in the ocean is forced by the pressure loading of the atmospheric thermal tide as well as by the gravitational tidal potential. This paper examines the effects of adding the atmospheric S2 forcing to a forward tide model. When the model is forced only by the gravitational potential, the S2 relative elevation error with respect to pelagic tide gauges...

Experimental autoimmune myocarditis (EAM) can be induced in the Lewis rat by cardiac myosin or its cryptic S2-16 peptide epitope (amino acids 1052 to 1076). To investigate cellular mechanisms and the role of antigen-presenting cells in regulation of myocarditis, we induced protection against EAM in Lewis rats by administration of S2-16 peptide in incomplete Freund's adjuvant (IFA). Protection t...

The purpose of this study was to expand our knowledge of small RNAs, which are known to function within protein complexes to modulate the transcriptional output of the cell. Here we describe two previously unrecognized, small RNAs, termed pY RNA1-s1 and pY RNA1-s2 (processed Y RNA1-stem -1 and -2), thereby expanding the list of known small RNAs. pY RNA1-s1 and pY RNA1-s2 were discovered by RNA ...

For simplicity, we adopt the following rules: X denotes a non empty set, F denotes a sequence of partial functions from X into R with the same dom, s1, s2, s3 denote sequences of extended reals, x denotes an element of X, a, r denote extended real numbers, and n, m, k denote natural numbers. We now state several propositions: (1) If for every natural number n holds s2(n) ≤ s3(n), then inf rng s...

A partial order is called semilinear iff the upper bounds of each element are linearly ordered and any two elements have a common upper bound. There exists, up to isomorphism, a unique countable semilinear order which is dense, unbounded, binary branching, and without joins, which we denote by (S2;≤). We study the reducts of (S2;≤), that is, the relational structures with domain S2, all of whos...

Mesh is one of the most commonly used interconnection networks and, therefore, embedding between different meshes becomes a basic embedding problem. Not only does an efficient embedding between meshes allow one mesh-connected computing system to efficiently simulate another, but it also provides a useful tool for solving other embedding problems. In this paper, we study how to embed an s1 × t1 ...