λx.S ◦A instead of λx.(A[S]) S ◦ λx.A instead of (λx.A)[S] λx.S2 ◦ S1 ◦ A instead of λx.(A[S1][S2]) S2 ◦ λx.S1 ◦ A instead of (λx.A[S1])[S2] S2 ◦ S1 ◦ λx.A instead of (λx.A)[S1][S2] And so on. Far fewer parentheses. And very close to notation of category theory. If we have composition of substitutions (not in my calculus), then λx.(S2 ◦ S1) ◦ A means λx.(A[S1 ◦ S2]) From the point of view of ca...

The modal systems S1–S3 were introduced by C. I. Lewis as logics for strict implication. While there are Kripke semantics for S2 and S3, there is no known natural semantics for S1. We extend S1 by a Substitution Principle SP which generalizes a reference rule of S1. In system S1+SP, the relation of strict equivalence φ ≡ ψ satisfies the identity axioms of R. Suszko’s non-Fregean logic adapted t...

This study examined the effects of modality on rats' short-term memory by using the go/no-go delayed paired stimuli comparison task (Konorski task). Each of paired stimuli (S1, S2) was successively presented in order with delay intervals, and a food pellet was contingent upon the lever pressing only when S2 matched S1 (light; L or tone; T). The accuracy of discrimination between the matched and...

Proposition 1. Consider two stocking policies s1 and s2 where for some j , s2 j = s1 j − 1, s2 j−1 = s1 j−1 + 1, and s2 i = s1 i , ∀ i = j j − 1. We have that: (i) ILi s2 i s 2 N ≥ ILi s1 i s1 N for i ∈ 1 j − 1 , and (ii) ∑j i=1 Bi i s 2 i s 2 N ≥ ∑j i=1 Bi i s 1 i s 1 N . Proof. From (6) and (7) we find that ILj s2 j s 2 N = ILj s1 j − 1 s1 j+1 s1 N = ILj s1 j s1 N − 1. Thus from (8) and (9), ...

A steric-hindrance model has been used to explain the regulation of muscle contraction by tropomyosin-troponin complex. The regulation of binding was studied by microscopic observation of mixtures of fluorescent subfragment 1 (S1) with rigor myofibrils at different actin-to-S1 ratios and in the presence and absence of calcium. Procedures were adapted to protect the critical thiols of S1 before ...

Let X be a non empty normed structure and let s1 be a sequence of X. The functor ( ∑ κ α=0(s1)(α))κ∈N yielding a sequence of X is defined as follows: (Def. 1) ( ∑ κ α=0(s1)(α))κ∈N(0) = s1(0) and for every natural number n holds ( ∑ κ α=0(s1)(α))κ∈N(n + 1) = ( ∑ κ α=0(s1)(α))κ∈N(n) + s1(n + 1). One can prove the following proposition (1) Let X be an add-associative right zeroed right complementa...

OBJECTIVE To investigate the F wave parameters (F duration, F minimum latency, F maximum latency, F mean latency, F chronodispersion, and F persistence) of the tibial nerve with unilateral S1 radiculopathy. We evaluated the differences of these parameters between the affected and unaffected sides and also with the control group. METHODS The study was performed from September 2007 to January 2...

Regulation of contraction in skeletal muscle is a highly cooperative process involving Ca(2+) binding to troponin C (TnC) and strong binding of myosin cross-bridges to actin. To further investigate the role(s) of cooperation in activating the kinetics of cross-bridge cycling, we measured the Ca(2+) dependence of the rate constant of force redevelopment (k(tr)) in skinned single fibers in which ...

STUDY DESIGN Biomechanical, cadaveric study. OBJECTIVE To compare the fixation strength of a novel S1 pedicle screw insertion technique in a revision setting to a standard S1 pedicle screw and an L5 pedicle screw. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA Fusions to the sacrum remain a difficult clinical challenge. Very few salvage techniques exist when a nonunion occurs. METHODS The biomechanical integ...

OBJECTIVES   We identify the contrast volumes needed to reach specific landmarks during S1 transforaminal epidural injections (S1-TFEIs). DESIGN   Prospective, nonrandomized, observational human study. Setting.  Academic/private pain management practice. Subjects.  Forty-two patients undergoing S1-TFEIs were investigated. Thirty-seven patients were included in this study. Interventions.  S1-T...