Background: A simple, portable measure of daytime sleepiness is the Oxford Sleep Resistance (OSLER-2) test; however its use is limited to those with good hand function. This study modified the OSLER-2 test to assess the measurement of daytime sleepiness using two alternative, non-hand-held response switches. Methods: The unit was modified to accept the standard hand-held switch, a head-tap swit...

objective(s):in the present study, we evaluated immunological and immunomodulatory properties of royal jelly (rj) in 2,4,6 trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (tnbs)-induced colitis in rats. materials and methods: eighteen adult female wistar albino rats were divided into three groups of six animals each: a control group that received only saline solution, a tnbs-induced colitis group, and a tnbs-col...

Two groups of mAbs reacting with external domains of a major sea urchin sperm membrane glycoprotein of 210 kD were isolated. Previous studies have shown that group I mAbs inhibit the acrosome reaction induced by egg jelly and also cause large increases in intracellular Ca2+ [( Ca2+]i). Group II mAbs, at comparable levels of cell surface binding, neither inhibit the egg jelly-induced acrosome re...

Pesisir memiliki peranan sangat penting bagi berbagai organisme yang berada di sekitarnya. Kawasan pesisir beberapa ekosistem vital seperti terumbu karang, padang lamun dan hutan mangrove. Masyarakat Di Desa Kota Pari Kecamatan Pantai Cermin, Serdang Bedagai tidak dapat penghasilan lebih karena kreativitas mereka kurang dalam membuat produk dari pohon mangrove sudah ada. Salah satu potensi diwi...

The oxygen transport physiology of sand snail Polinices sordidus egg masses was investigated using oxygen microelectrodes and open-flow respirometry. P. sordidus eggs are laid in a jelly matrix that rapidly absorbs water and swells into a horseshoe-shaped sausage. The average diameter of these sausages is 37 mm. Eggs are enclosed in capsules that are distributed throughout the jelly matrix, but...

In our previous investigations, two sialic acids were isolated from the jelly coat of the eggs of the sea urchin Pseudocentrotus depepr~ssl~s; one was N-glycolylneuraminic arid, the other was W-acctoglycolyl-4-methyl-4,9-dideosyncuraminic acid (2). The presence of additional sialic acid compounds was detected in the mixt’urc resulting from mild acid hydrolysis of the starting material (1). Isol...