Benzodiazepine receptors were studied in rats with hepatic encephalopathy due to fulminant hepatic failure induced by galactosamine. [3H]-Diazepam binding studies on brain synaptic membranes of rats with mild and severe encephalopathy show a significant increase in the number of receptors in both stages of coma. [3H]Diazepam binding to synaptic membrane preparations from rats in the mild or sev...

INTRODUCTION Hashimoto's encephalopathy is a relatively rare condition associated with an elevated concentration of circulating serum anti-thyroid antibodies, and is usually responsive to steroid therapy. However, hypothyroidism is a rare cause of pseudo-obstruction so here we present a case report of Hashimoto's encephalopathy with gut pseudo-obstruction in an undiagnosed hypothyroid patient. ...

Hepatic encephalopathy (HE) is a complication that presents in as many as 28% of patients with cirrhosis, and reported up to ten years after the diagnosis of cirrhosis. Commonly, it is observed in patients with severe hepatic failure and is characterized by neuropsychiatric manifestations that can range in severity from a mild alteration in mental state to a coma; additionally, some neuromuscul...

Wernicke's encephalopathy is caused by thiamine deficiency, and is characterized by acute mental confusion, ataxia, and ophthalmoplegia. It is also a rare neurologic complication of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). However, because of its rare incidence, Wernicke's encephalopathy can easily be overlooked in HSCT patients, and a few misleading steps in the early stage of the disea...

Although previous studies have reported on the effectiveness of brain hypothermia therapy in childhood acute encephalopathy, additional studies in this field are necessary. In this review, we discussed brain hypothermia therapy methods for two clinical conditions for which sufficient evidences are currently available in the literature. The first condition is known as hypoxic-ischemic encephalop...

The combination of valproic acid and topiramate has been shown to increase the risk of encephalopathy.1-5 Certain authors have proposed that this combination evokes a synergistic mechanism that produces hyperammonemia, which in turn results in encephalopathy.2,6 Described here is a case of encephalopathy potentially induced by the combination of valproic acid and topiramate, in which serial ser...

Neurological complications whether due to the uremic state or its treatment, contribute largely to the morbidity and mortality in patients with renal failure. Despite continuous therapeutic advances, many neurological complications of uremia, like uremic encephalopathy, atherosclerosis, neuropathy and myopathy fail to fully respond to dialysis. Moreover, dialytic therapy or kidney transplantati...

Chronic abuse of alcohol triggers different types of brain damage. The Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome gets together Wernicke's encephalopathy and Korsakoff's syndrome. Another type of encephalopathy associated with chronic ethanol consumption is represented by the Marchiafava-Bignami malady or syndrome, an extremely rare neurological disorder, which is characterized by a demielinization of corpus ...

•Aprepitant combined with ifosfamide may lead to encephalopathy.•Aprepitant-ifosfamide induced encephalopathy was of short duration in these cases.

Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia is a group of autosomal recessive disorders due to deficiencies enzymes involved in steroidogenesis. Clinical manifestations depend on the degree cortisol and aldosterone deficiency. The salt-wasting form can present as medical emergency with severe hyponatremic dehydration, hyperkalemia, polyuria hyperpigmentation. However, recent years, patients CAH presenting a...