the main objective of this paper is to investigate the impact of exchange rate pass-through on consumer prices under exchange rate misalignment in iran during 1353-1387. for this purpose, the exchange rate misalignment has been extracted using ardl method and then the effect of exchange rate and exchange rate misalignment on cpi has been estimated. the results show that the degree of exchange r...

Abstract In this study, we applied recently developed panel unit root and cointegration techniques to examine the long-run real income per capita and price elasticities for demand of electricity in selected Middle East and North African (MENA) countries using an annual data series from 1990 to 2011.Our main finding from the panel analysis is that the demand for electricity is highly price ela...

This article uses seasonal integration and co integration techniques to test the hypothesis of neutrality of money, using data from the Iranian economy. Seasonal data for the three variables of money supply, output and prices show that (increase in) money supply and the price level are co integrated at zero frequency, but one does not see such a relationship between (increase in) money supply a...

This paper studies the set of equilibrium payoffs in repeated games with longand short-run players and little discounting. Because the short-run players are unconcerned about the future, each equilibrium outcome is constrained to lie on their static reaction (best-response) curves. The natural extension of the folk theorem to games of this sort would simply include this constraint in the defini...