High concentrations of the ciliate Epidinium Crawley are associated with damaged regions of fresh plant material undergoing digestion in the sheep rumen. This finding supports that postulate that sequestration in the rumen explains the low rate of passage of protozoa despite the high flow rate of liquid from the rumen. The maintenance of Epidinium in the rumen, despite their slow growth rate, i...

Local feed resources, particularly low-quality roughages and agricultural crop-residues, are of prime importance for ruminants raised in the tropics. These feeds exhibit close relationships with rumen ecology, microbes and rumen fermentation patterns. A number of dietary factors could influence rumen fermentation especially the basal roughage source, its physical form and fermentation end-produ...

The first purpose of this study is to present an alternative robust model in order to describe ruminal degradation kinetics of forages and to minimize the fitting problems. For this purpose, the Korkmaz-Uckardes (KU) model, which has a logarithmic structure, was developed. The second purpose of this study is to estimate, by using the Korkmaz-Uckardes (KU)model, the parameters tp (the time to pr...

Sheep adapted to consume tannins rich feeds such as oak leaf (OL) appear to develop defensive mechanisms by their ruminal bacteria against these polyphenols. The capabilities of ruminal isolated tannins resistant bacteria from these animals to ferment a tanniniferous feed (i.e., pistachio hulls, (PH) which were incubated with rumen fluid from Holstein dairy cows was assessed. Six g positive coc...

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of feed types on Ochratoxin A (OTA) degradation by Korean native goats. Rumen fluid from canulated goats fed whole roughage or 50% roughage served as a source of micro-organisms. Experiments were undertaken i) to investigate OTA degradation ability in a 2×4 factorial arrangement with different feed types (100% roughage vs. 50% roughage) and rum...

Bacteria attached to the rumen epithelium (or epimural community) are not well characterised and their role in rumen functioning is not totally understood. There is just one published report of a clone library from one cow that suggests that this epimural community differs from the bacteria associated with the rumen digestive contents. However, this time-consuming approach is not adapted for ex...

The activities of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase, ;malic enzyme', citrate-cleavage enzyme and glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase were assayed in homogenates of rumen mucosa, liver and adipose tissue of cattle. Rumen mucosa cytoplasm contained activities of ;malic enzyme' approximately sevenfold those of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase, suggesting that the conversion of propionate into lacta...

It is well known that rumen fermentation processes play a key role in ruminant nutrition, as it is this distinctive symbiotic feature between the host and the rumen microflora that lends the ruminant animal several advantages in digestive and metabolic processes over non-ruminants. The extent of complexity of interactions between diverse groups of microorganisms which inhabit the rumen is such ...

1. Four sheep, each fitted with a rumen fistula and a re-entrant cannula at the proximal duodenum were fed a semi-purified diet containing urea as the only nitrogen source. The quantities of total protozoal amino acid-N (TPAN) present in the rumen and entering the duodenum were determined when the mean rumen dilution rate (D) was low (0.034/h) and when D was increased to 0.078/h by the intrarum...

Monitoring rumen conditions in cows is important because a dysfunctional rumen system may cause death. Sub-acute ruminal acidosis (SARA) is a typical disease in cows, and is characterized by repeated periods of low ruminal pH. SARA is regarded as a trigger for rumen atony, rumenitis, and abomasal displacement, which may cause death. In previous studies, rumen conditions were evaluated by wirele...