1. Three experiments were conducted to determine the flow of nitrogen through the rumen and abomasum when cows, steers and lambs were totally nourished on volatile fatty acids infused into the rumen. 2. In two dairy cows (650-700 kg) and two large steers (370-405 kg) the daily flow of non-ammonia-N (NAN) from the rumen was 50.7 and 58 mg/kg live weight (W)0.75 respectively. 3. The flows of NAN ...

Rumen is a persistent and specific ecosystem consists of bacteria, protozoa and fungus where feed fermentation takes place in it. Produced Hydrogen in rumen can be used in the synthesis of the volatile fatty acids and the microbial protein and its excess would be eliminated through the production of Methane by methanogenesis. Nutritionists have tried to find ways to decrease loss and energy and...

The major aim of this study was to compare the morphology and activity of rumen protozoa of Khuzestan water buffalo and Holstein cow using in vitro digestibility and gas production parameters of steam treated sugarcane pith. Rumen fluid obtained from two buffalo and cow steers fed the same diet, 30:70 concentrate: forage. To separate rumen protozoa, antibiotic solution and fungicides were added...

Anaerobic fungi inhabit the rumen and actively degrade plant cell walls. Rumen fungi produce high levels of cellulases and hemicellulases and are particularly proficient in producing xylanases. These enzymes are regulated by substrate (especially soluble sugars) available to the organisms. Fungi degrade unlignified (i.e., no histochemical reaction for phenolics) plant walls totally, indicating ...

1. Fistulated sheep given a concentrate diet were used to study the behaviour of solute ([51Cr]EDTA) and particle ([103Ru]phenanthroline) markers in the stomach under conditions of continuous feeding. 2. An injection of a mixed dose of [51Cr]EDTA and [103Ru]phenanthroline was given into the rumen and the time course of marker concentrations in the rumen and the abomasum was recorded. The curves...

During the past few years several investigators have reported the isolation of lactobacilli or lactobacilli-like organisms from the rumen liquor of cattle and sheep. Gall and Huhtanen (1951) isolated several gram positive, nonsporeforming rods from rumen fluid which produced lactic acid from glucose, but they were not further identified. Some lactobacilli found by Rodwell (1953) in a sheep's ru...

Plasmids are self-replicating genetic elements capable of mobilization between different hosts. Plasmids often serve as mediators of lateral gene transfer, a process considered to be a strong and sculpting evolutionary force in microbial environments. Our aim was to characterize the overall plasmid population in the environment of the bovine rumen, which houses a complex and dense microbiota th...

A number of major scientific advances have been realized in the last 25 yr in determining the opportunities and limitations of altering milk composition through nutritional manipulation. Because of the greater sensitivity of milk fat to dietary manipulation than either protein or lactose, nutritional control of milk fat content and fatty acid composition received a great deal of attention. New ...

The primary conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) isomer in milkfat, cis-9, trans-11 CLA, is a proven anticarcinogen in rodents and can be derived directly from ruminal biohydrogenation of linoleic acid. The major fatty acid in pasture, however, is α–linolenic acid; the biohydrogenation of which does not produce cis-9, trans-11 CLA as an intermediate. Therefore, in grazing cows, cis-9, trans-11 CLA mu...

Considerable difficulty and uncertainty can be associated with sampling through cannulas from the reticulo-rumen of the sheep. The contents are by no means homogeneous, and for some purposes relatively large samples have to be withdrawn from various places within the organ and mixed in an external container before a subsample is taken for analysis and the unused portion returned to the rumen. I...