1. A low-magnesium diet was fed to four sheep, each of which had been surgically prepared with a rumen fistula, a tube into the cranial one-third of the omasum, a tube to the cranial one-third of the abomasum and a re-entrant duodenal cannula. Mg, as gluconate or acate or acetate, was continuously infused for 12-14 d in turn into (1) the caudal duodenal cannula, (2) the abomasum, (3) the omasum...

Abstract Although individual studies on the milk component responses to diet and rumen fermentation parameters, notably pH, have identified relationships, these not been widely summarized. Therefore, a meta-analysis was conducted with objective of evaluating how fat protein percentage change in response (D), parameters (R) combination both (R+D) variables. A secondary evaluate models differed w...

We describe a model to calculate the buffering capacity of bicarbonate in the rumen. The addition of NaHCO3 results in the release of CO2 from solution and eventually from the rumen via eructation. This process directly neutralizes ruminal acidity. The degree to which the process continues depends on the partial pressure of CO2 in the gas phase, the pH, and a constant (7.74), according to the H...

BACKGROUND Lower urinary tract infections are common in dogs, and Escherichia coli is the most common bacterial pathogen isolated. The literature has conflicting evidence regarding the inhibitory effects of urine concentration and pH on E. coli growth. HYPOTHESIS/OBJECTIVES To determine the effect of different pH and urine concentrations on E. coli growth in vitro. ANIMALS Voided urine samp...

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of corn addition to Italian ryegrass (IRG) (Lolium multi ̄orum Lam.) on rumen environment, nutrient digestibility, methane production and energy and nitrogen utilization by goats at two intake levels. Eight castrated Japanese goats were employed in two sequential digestion and metabolism trials. The goats were divided into two groups, offered t...

The effects of rumen buffer agents on ruminal fermentation parameters and bacterial community composition were determined using in vitro vivo experiments three rumen-cannulated, high-concentrate fed Holstein Friesian dairy cows. Experiment 1 treatments included bentonite, calcium carbonate, oxide, sodium bicarbonate, sesquicarbonate, processed coral, unbuffered samples served as the control. 2 ...

Hexahydrohippuric acid was &st described as a metabolite in the urine of cattle at pasture by Suemitsu et al. (1971). It was present to the extent of 50mg/litre; the biochemical origin of this component remained unknown. Schogt & Haverkamp Begemann (1965) had identsed 1 1-cyclohexylundecanoic acid in butter and confirmed it by synthesis. Hansen & Gerson (1967) isolated it from the depot fat of ...

I. The effects of processing cereals on aspects of rumen metabolism, physiology and pathology were investigated in five experiments with lambs. Three experiments studied the effects of diets containing loose whole, pelleted whole or pelleted rolled barley on rumen volatile fatty acid ratios, rumen pH and digestibility. In a 4th experiment the effects, on the same measurements, of pelleting whol...

Ruminants in tropical and desert areas routinely experience cycles of severe dehydration and rapid rehydration. These animals can withstand severe dehydration (18-40% of initial body weight), which exceeds considerably the capacity of most monogastric mammals. This capacity is related to their ability to use, during the course of dehydration, their large water reservoir in the rumen, which cont...

Highly fermentable diets are rapidly converted to organic acids [i.e., short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) and lactic acid] within the rumen. The resulting release of protons can constitute a challenge to the ruminal ecosystem and animal health. Health disturbances, resulting from acidogenic diets, are classified as subacute and acute acidosis based on the degree of ruminal pH depression. Although i...