The objectives of these experiments were to characterize rumen motility patterns of cattle fed once daily using a real-time wireless telemetry system, determine when to measure rumen motility with this system, and determine the effect of ruminal dosing of ergot alkaloids on rumen motility. Ruminally cannulated Holstein steers (n = 8) were fed a basal diet of alfalfa cubes once daily. Rumen moti...

Pastoral agriculture in New Zealand has a long history of improving the efficiency with which fresh pasture is converted into meat, wool and dairy products. New Zealanders live in a temperate climate where rainfall and pasture growth are the main driving forces in low-input pastoral systems. The process whereby protein in fresh pasture is broken down in the rumen and reassimilated into microbia...

the objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of supplementation of different level protein diets with rumen protected methionine and lysine on performance and ruminal parameters in holstein dairy cows when in their early lactation. twenty one dairy cows in their early lactations were assigned to three treatments in a randomized block design experiment of a 35-d duration period. diets...

Microbiota of the rumen wall constitute an important niche of rumen microbial ecology and their composition has been elucidated in different ruminants during the last years. However, the knowledge about the function of rumen wall microbes is still limited. Rumen wall biopsies were taken from three fistulated dairy cows under a standard forage-based diet and after 4 weeks of high concentrate fee...

Developing novel strategies for improving the fatty acid composition of ruminant products relies upon increasing our understanding of rumen bacterial lipid metabolism. This study investigated whether flax or echium oil supplementation of steer diets could alter the rumen fatty acids and change the microbiome. Six Hereford × Friesian steers were offered grass silage/sugar beet pulp only (GS), or...

Polan, C. E. (North Carolina State of the University of North Carolina, Raleigh), J. J. McNeill, and S. B. Tove. Biohydrogenation of unsaturated fatty acids by rumen bacteria. J. Bacteriol. 88:1056-1064. 1964.-A simple, rapid, specific assay for the biohydrogenation of unsaturated fatty acids was developed. With this assay, it was shown that washed suspensions of mixed rumen bacteria hydrogenat...

—Body mass – gut fill scaling relationships affect rate of digestion, foraging behavior, niche differentiation, and trophic interactions. On an intraspecific level, the scalar of this relationship has been reported to be both isoand allometric (,1.0). We hypothesized the scalar of rumen-reticulum fill depends on diet. When the diet has low concentrations of indigestible fiber the scalar should ...

The ability of rumen microbiota to incorporate inorganic sulfate into cystine and methionine was suggested by Loosli et al. (1949) and demonstrated by Block et al. (1951) through use of radioactive sodium sulfate. The significance of this incorporation as applied to ruminant nutrition has been discussed by Davis et al. (1954). Formation of microbial protein in the rumen of cattle is accompanied...

The ruminant animal has two unique features – it chews its cud and has four distinct compartments in the stomach. More importantly the ruminant can convert forages that are comprised by large quantities of cellulose, that is poorly digestible by non-ruminants, into high quality protein (muscle) that provides excellent eating experiences and nutrients for humans. Rumen Physiology is the study of...

Rumen of cattle harbors many microorganisms responsible for bioconversion of nutrients into a source of energy for the animals. In recent years many rumen microbes have been isolated and characterized by sequence analysis of 16S ribosomal RNA gene. Some of the microbes have also been recommended as feed additives for improving the overall growth or production of animals. Rumen bacteria which ha...