Gall-bladder emptying in response to a standard meal was assessed in 34 patients with radiolucent gall stones and 34 matched controls. Percentage gall-bladder emptying, derived from volume measurements made on standardised oral cholecystography, was significantly higher at 15 minutes in the patients than the controls (mean +/- SE of mean 38.0 +/- 3.7% v 28.0 +/- 3.8%). This difference was maint...

Occurrence of accessory lobes of liver and anomalies of gall bladder is quite common. A thorough knowledge of their variation can minimise diagnostic and surgical errors. We found concurrent variations of liver and gall bladder. A small accessory liver lobe was attached to the quadrate lobe through a stalk formed by peritoneum. The gall bladder was "bean shaped" due to the presence of a constri...

OBJECTIVE To assess the safety of confining histological examination to gall bladders with radiological and macroscopic features suggestive of cancer. DESIGN Retrospective study. Setting Department of Histopathology, National Hospital of Sri Lanka. METHOD Analysis of all cholecystectomies performed at a tertiary care hospital during a one year period. Computerised histopathological reports ...

Genetic variation in plants is known to influence arthropod assemblages and species interactions. However, these influences may be contingent upon local environmental conditions. Here, we examine how plant genotype-based trophic interactions and patterns of natural selection change across environments. Studying the cottonwood tree, Populus angustifolia, the galling aphid, Pemphigus betae and it...

BACKGROUND Octreotide treatment may be associated with gall stone development in up to 50% of patients with acromegaly. Two new sustained-release formulations of somatostatin analogue have been recently developed: lanreotide SR (Somatuline) and octreotide LAR (Sandostatin LAR). The incidence of gall-stone development in patients receiving these drugs has been shown to be less than 20%, but the ...

there have been only isolated reports of gall stones occurring during octreotide treatment.' Gall bladder contraction and cholecystokinin secretion in response to food are almost abolished by its administration4 and may contribute to stone formation. The high incidence of gall stones might have been due to the higher doses of the drug which we used. None of our patients had symptoms from the ga...

Gall-bladder duplication is a rare anatomical variation, which can affect safe performance of cholecystectomy and be a cause of persistent symptoms and a need for reoperation in case of accessory gall-bladder omission. A case of successfully performed elective laparoscopic cholecystectomy in a patient with duplicated gall-bladder accidentally intraoperatively disclosed is presented. The identif...

Plant parasitic nematodes cause significant damage and losses to vegetable crops. Control of plant parasitic nematodes with pesticides is often restricted due to their high toxicity and negative impact on the environment. The need for environmentally safe control strategies has increased interest in developing biological control measures. The objective of this research was to study the effect o...

The liver, gall bladder, and ventral pancreas are formed from the posterior region of the ventral foregut. After hepatic induction, Sox17+/Pdx1+ pancreatobiliary common progenitor cells differentiate into Sox17+/Pdx1- gall bladder progenitors and Sox17-/Pdx1+ ventral pancreatic progenitors, but the cell-extrinsic signals that regulate this differentiation process are unknown. This study shows t...

The effects of cigarette smoking and parity on the development of symptomatic gall bladder disease remain controversial. These relations have been examined in a cohort of 46000 women followed for up to 19 years during the Royal College of General Practitioners' (RCGP) oral contraception study. During follow up, 1087 women were recorded as experiencing their first ever episode ofsymptomatic chol...