I motivate and empirically investigate differential long-run growth effects of democratisation across countries. While the existing literature recognises potential for such heterogeneity, empirical implementations to date unanimously assume a common democracy-growth nexus Adopting novel methods causal inference in policy evaluation relax homogeneity assumption. My results confirm that democracy...

Abstract All-dielectric metasurfaces supporting photonic bound states in the continuum (BICs) are an exciting toolkit for achieving resonances with ultranarrow linewidths. However, transition from theory to experimental realization can significantly reduce optical performance of BIC-based nanophotonic systems, severely limiting their application potential. Here, we introduce a combined numerica...

abstract. a practical common weight scalarizing function methodology with an improved discriminating power for technology selection is introduced. the proposed scalarizing function methodology enables the evaluation of the relative efficiency of decision-making units (dmus) with respect to multiple outputs and a single exact input with common weights. its robustness and discriminating power are...

despite providing robustness, high-gain observers impose a peaking phenomenon, which may cause instability, on the system states. in this paper, an adaptive saturation is proposed to attenuate the undesirable mentioned phenomenon in high-gain observers. a real-valued and differentiable sigmoid function is considered as the saturating element whose parameters (height and slope) are adaptively tu...

A biological system is robust to mutations if it continues to function after genetic changes in its parts. Such robustness is pervasive on different levels of biological organization, from macromolecules to genetic networks and whole organisms. I here ask which of two possible causes of such robustness are more important on a genome-wide scale, for systems whose parts are genes, such as metabol...