We study the Markov equilibria of a model of free riding in which  infinitely lived agents choose between private consumption and contributions to a durable public good. We consider economies with reversibility, where investments can be positive or negative; and economies with irreversibility, where investments are non-negative and the public good can only be reduced by depreciation. With reve...

This paper derives a version of the Samuelson rule, which takes not only the marginal costs of public funds into account but also the desirability of preference revelation. Under a linear income tax more able individuals suffer from a larger utility loss if taxes are raised to cover the cost of public good provision. This implies that these individuals are tempted to understate their valuation ...

BACKGROUND All over the world motorcycle accident are one of the major causes of road death and injury. This study aimed to determine the pattern of Motorcycle Fatal Accidents in Mashhad-Iran. METHODS This descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out in 2006 to analyze the epidemiological pattern of the motorcycle accident in Mashhad, North-Eastern Iran. Three hundred fifty cases of moto...

Electroencephalogram (EEG) signal is mostly utilised to monitor epilepsy revitalize the close loop brain. Several classical methods devised identify seizures rely on visual analysis of EEG signals which a costly and complex task if channel count increases. A novel method, namely, rag-Rider optimisation algorithm (rag-ROA) for training deep recurrent neural network (Deep RNN) discover epileptic ...

Therapeutic horse riding or hippotherapy is used as an intervention for treating individuals with mental and physical disabilities. Equine-assisted interventions are based on the hypothesis that the movement of the horse's pelvis during horseback riding resembles human ambulation, and thus provides motor and sensory inputs similar to those received during human walking. However, this hypothesis...

Critical to the clinical evaluation of effective novel therapies for lung cancer is the early and accurate determination of tumor response, which requires an understanding of the sources of uncertainty in tumor measurement and subsequent attempts to minimize their effects on the assessment of the therapeutic agent. The Reference Image Database to Evaluate Response (RIDER) project seeks to devel...

This paper describes the development and evaluation of a riding simulator (RS) for two-wheeled vehicles to analyze rider control behavior from the viewpoints of human factors and control engineering. In simulator development, sense of realism is divided into riding sensation and handling feeling. In addition, they are governed by the motion equation and the required pseudo-experience. In this s...