Breakage-fusion-bridge cycles in cancer arise when a broken segment of DNA is duplicated and an end from each copy joined together. This structure then 'unfolds' into a new piece of palindromic DNA. This is one mechanism responsible for the localised amplicons observed in cancer genome data. Here we study the evolution space of breakage-fusion-bridge structures in detail. We firstly consider di...

We extend the McPherson model for Si-O bond-breakage energetics, which considers only a single SiO4 tetrahedron, in a way to capture the effect of the whole crystal. No ledge in the direction assumed in the McPherson model was revealed. Instead, potential profiles feature a saddle point in a different direction. The activation energy for bond-breakage is found to be rather high (~ 6 eV). This s...

ATR, activated by replication stress, protects replication forks locally and suppresses origin firing globally. Here, we show that these functions of ATR are mechanistically coupled. Although initially stable, stalled forks in ATR-deficient cells undergo nucleus-wide breakage after unscheduled origin firing generates an excess of single-stranded DNA that exhausts the nuclear pool of RPA. Partia...

INTRODUCTION Breakage of the screws which may cause non-union or collapse of vertebral structures has been a complication of the pedicle screw fixation at a rate of 3-7 % [1-2]. Recently, flexible rods have been used for dynamic stabilization to avoid complications such as adjacent segment degeneration due to excessive stiffness of the spinal fusion by allowing intersegmental motion at the surg...

Inspecting the behavior of the rockfill materials is of significant importance in analysis of rockfill dams. Since the dimensions of grains in such materials are greater than the conventional sizes suitable for soil mechanics tests, it is necessary to experimentally study them in specific large-scale apparatuses. In this research, the behavior of rockfill materials in two large rockfill dams co...

We calculate the logarithmic contributions to the massive Wilson coefficients for deep-inelastic scattering in the asymptotic region Q2 m2 to 3-loop order in the fixed flavor number scheme and present the corresponding expressions for the massive operator matrix elements needed in the variable flavor number scheme. Explicit expressions are given in Mellin N -space.

Breakage of overhead transmission lines and distribution will lead to severe power outage problems, clarifying the breakage mechanism is great importance value for reliability stability system. Taking ground wire example, this paper presents its study under lighting stoke based on finite element analysis. A multi-physics analysis model built first, which includes contact points. The current den...

In this paper, an effective algorithm based on improved time-domain averaging is proposed to detect tool flute breakage during end milling using feed-motor current signatures. The algorithm proposed is demonstrated to be effective in detecting tool flute breakage in real time through a series of milling experiments, and is also demonstrated to be insensitive to the effects for transients, such ...

Phleomycin induces DNA breakage in vitro in the presence of the sulphydryl compound dithiothreitol. The reaction appears to be free radical-mediated, and requires oxygen and metal ions. Reaction rate is limited by the concentration of oxygen, which is converted to hydrogen peroxide during DNA breakage. However there is no net change in the sulphydryl compound. The proposed reaction mechanism in...