Is mitochondrial volume maintained during polarized cell growth? How well do cells ensure that they maintain uniform organelle distribution when they undergo polarized cell growth and subsequent division. S. Rafelski from the Marshall laboratory at University of California–San Francisco used three-dimensional, computationalmodeling methods to demonstrate that mitochondrial volume is maintained ...

Defects in mitochondrial function activate compensatory responses the cell. Mitochondrial stress that is caused by unfolded proteins inside organelle induces a transcriptional response (termed “mitochondrial protein response” [UPRmt]) mediated activating transcription factor associated with 1 (ATFS-1). The UPRmt increases quality control. dysfunction frequently causes defects import of proteins...

The mitochondrial outer membrane contains a diverse set of proteins that includes enzymes, components of the preprotein translocation machinery, pore-forming proteins, regulators of programmed cell death, and those that control the morphology of the organelle. All these proteins, like the vast majority of mitochondrial proteins, are encoded in the nucleus, so they are synthesized in the cytosol...

Intracellular organelles have characteristic pH ranges that are set and maintained by a balance between ion pumps, leaks, and internal ionic equilibria. Previously, a thermodynamic study by Rybak et al. (Rybak, S., F. Lanni, and R. Murphy. 1997. Biophys. J. 73:674-687) identified the key elements involved in pH regulation; however, recent experiments show that cellular compartments are not in t...

Numerous pathogens can affect cellular homeostasis and organelle dynamics. Hepatitis C virus (HCV) triggers Golgi fragmentation through the immunity-related GTPase M (IRGM), a resident protein, to enhance its lipid supply for replication.

Alba-domain proteins are RNA-binding proteins found in archaea and eukaryotes and recently studied in protozoan parasites where they play a role in the regulation of virulence factors and stage-specific proteins. This work describes in silico structural characterization, cellular localization and biochemical analyses of Alba-domain proteins in Leishmania infantum. We show that in contrast to ot...

an organism are compared. In mammals, for example, the ER is vastly abundant in exocrine pancreatic secre-where there is no appreciable demand for the secretion of any protein (Bolender, 1974). Using representative examples primarily from the yeast Saccharomyces cere-One hallmark of eukaryotic cells is that they contain visiae, we highlight in this review some recent insights many functionally ...

von Willebrand factor (VWF) is a large, adhesive glycoprotein that is biosynthesized and secreted by cultured endothelial cells (EC). Although these cells constitutively release VWF, they also contain a storage pool of this protein that can be rapidly mobilized. In this study, a dense organelle fraction was isolated from cultured umbilical vein endothelial cells by centrifugation on a self-gene...

Fluorescence thermometry is a microscopy technique in which fluorescent temperature sensor records changes as alterations of fluorescence signals. lifetime imaging (FLIM) promising method for quantitative analysis intracellular temperature. Recently, we developed small-molecule thermometers, termed Organelle Thermo Greens, that target various organelles and achieved mapping using FLIM. Despite ...

Eukaryotic cells replicate and partition their organelles between the mother cell and the daughter cell at cytokinesis. Polarized cells, notably the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, are well suited for the study of organelle inheritance, as they facilitate an experimental dissection of organelle transport and retention processes. Much progress has been made in defining the molecular play...