Tolypocladium cylindrosporum is an entomopathogenic fungi that has been studied as a biological control agent against insects of several orders. The fungus has been isolated from the soil as well as from insects of the orders Coleoptera, Lepidoptera, Diptera and Hymenoptera. In this study, we analyzed the ability of a strain of T cylindrosporum, isolated from soil samples taken in Tierra del Fu...

Abstract Discovering mechanisms of plant–virus–vector interactions is fundamental to understand their ecology and evolution apply this knowledge in plant protection. To study the influence varying Barley yellow dwarf virus (BYDV) transmission efficiencies on host preference Rhopalosiphum padi (L.) clones, we performed choice experiments with two barley cultivars (BYDV susceptible cv. ‘Rubina’ B...

Abstract Recent studies have demonstrated that cultivar mixtures can reduce aphid plant acceptance and population development. It is still unknown as to which underlying mechanisms may contribute this phenomenon. We investigated the effects of volatile interactions between undamaged barley cultivars on feeding behavior performance in laboratory. Spring ( Hordeum vulgare L.) Salome was exposed v...

The lack of recent insecticide innovations and the withdrawal efficient, but ecotoxic molecules (e.g. neonicotinoids) may lead to a shift older insecticidal active substances, particularly pyrethroids. evolution resistance this family insecticides has long been recognized, including in many aphid species such as grain Sitobion avenae. target-site mechanism involved, named kdr (knock-down resist...

Citrullinated proteins that are produced by enzymatic deimination of arginine residues in proteins by peptidylarginine deiminases (PADIs) are of particular interest in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). First, peptidylarginine deiminase type 4 (PADI4) gene, which codes one of the PADI enzyme isotypes, has a genetic variant that increases susceptibility to RA. The RA-susceptible vari...