Using a system analysis approach compares different systems for handling and treatment of toilet waste and organic household waste. Design issues considered are source separation of urine, use of vacuum toilets and advanced nutrient recovery processes such as Reverse Osmosis (RO). All of the studied systems have low emissions of eutrophying compounds. Other environmental effects are mainly rela...

Chemical characterization of scaling and removal processes was performed in real time via Raman spectroscopy a bench-scale reverse osmosis (RO) system. A custom RO cross-flow cell integrated with microscope objective, allowing for analysis localized membrane scale removal. Permeate flux also measured to provide real-time metric comparison. commercial flat sheet, thin-film composite (TFC RO) sca...

While single-layer nanoporous graphene (NPG) has shown promise as a reverse osmosis (RO) desalination membrane, multilayer graphene membranes can be synthesized more economically than the single-layer material. In this work, we build upon the knowledge gained to date toward single-layer graphene to explore how multilayer NPG might serve as a RO membrane in water desalination using classical mol...

in this paper, the removal of phenol by using aqueous solution in a low pressure reverse osmosis membrane was investigated. the effect of feed pressure, feed concentration, feed flow rate and feed ph on phenol rejection was investigated. the results showed that feed ph is the most affective parameter on the phenol rejection. rejection of phenol increased with increasing ph from 2 to 10 under th...

The objective of this work was to apply a hybrid process, including electrodialysis reversal (EDR) and reverse osmosis (RO) to the treatment of petrochemical wastewater in order to obtain process water for reuse. A water balance was carried out to defne the main water consumers and the process step that could receive the produced water. Additionally, toxicity assays wer...

This service activity aims to empower the community through introduction of PDAM water treatment technology into suitable for consumption in form applying Reverse Osmosis (RO) 200 GDP BUM refill depot businesses Unggul Sari Village, Wonosari Bengkalis Regency. The method implementing this used participatory training and mentoring. Evaluation was Community Service Management standard listed Perm...

A major challenge to communities across the world in the next century will be ensuring millions have access to adequate freshwater resources. Studies from the UN World Health Organization indicate that over 1.1 billion people currently lack access to reliable and secure freshwater supplies, with an estimated 2.5 million deaths per year from diseases associated with poor access and sanitation in...

The Orange County Water District (OCWD) in California has been operating a Groundwater Replenishment System (GWRS, Figure 1) since 2008. The GWRS treats secondary effluent from a wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) for distribution to reinjection wells, spreading basins, and industrial users. Upstream of the reverse osmosis system (RO), the secondary effluent goes through a microfiltration proces...

Nanoporous graphene (NPG) shows tremendous promise as an ultra-permeable membrane for water desalination thanks to its atomic thickness and precise sieving properties. However, a significant gap exists in the literature between the ideal conditions assumed for NPG desalination and the physical environment inherent to reverse osmosis (RO) systems. In particular, the water permeability of NPG has...