Link reversal algorithms provide a simple mechanism for routing in communication networks whose topology is frequently changing, such as in mobile ad hoc networks. A link reversal algorithm routes by imposing a direction on each network link such that the resulting graph is a destination oriented DAG. Whenever a node loses routes to the destination, it reacts by reversing some (or all) of its i...

Background: Colostomy creation and reversal procedures are common procedures, frequently performed by surgeons working in Ethiopia. Collected information is lacking concerning the outcome of colostomy reversal procedures in the country. Methods: A hospital based retrospective analysis was undertaken to describe the patterns of patients who underwent colostomy reversal, the timing of colostomy r...

OBJECTIVE Hartmann's procedure (HP) still remains the most frequently performed procedure in acute perforated diverticulitis, but it results in a end colostomy. Primary anastomosis (PA) with or without defunctioning loop ileostomy (DI) seems a good alternative. The aim of this study was to assess differences in the rate of stomal reversal after HP and PA with DI and to evaluate factors associat...

OBJECTIVE Postprandial hypoglycemia is an infrequent but disabling complication of Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) surgery. Controversy still exists as to whether the postprandial hyperinsulinemia observed is due to inherent changes in pancreatic β-cell mass or function or to reversible alterations caused by RYGB anatomy. We aimed to determine if gastric feeding or reversal of RYGB would normal...

Prefrontal cortex (PFC) is thought to have a wide-ranging role in cognition, often described as executive function or behavioral inhibition. A specific example of such a role is the inhibition of representations in more posterior regions of cortex in a "top-down" manner, a function thought to be tested by reversal learning tasks. The direct action of PFC on posterior regions can be directly tes...

We investigated the molecular genetic mechanism of sex reversal by exploring the relationship between mutations in the sex-determining genes SRY, SOX9, and DAX1 with genetic sex reversal disease. Mutations in the three key genes were detected by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and sequencing after karyotype analysis. The mutations detected were then aligned with a random sample of 100 normal se...

in this paper, we de ne the concepts of general fuzzy recognizer, language recognized by a general fuzzy recognizer, the accessible and the coac- cessible parts of a general fuzzy recognizer and the reversal of a general fuzzy recognizer. then we obtain the relationships between them and construct a topology and some hypergroups on a general fuzzy recognizer.

The neural dynamics in perceiving well-learned sequences and its modulation by task demand were investigated in this study in which participants were asked to observe stroke-by-stroke display of Chinese characters composed of two radicals while their brain activity was monitored with the event-related potential (ERP) technique. Experiment 1 used an accuracy judgment task that would draw partici...

The activity of single nucleus accumbens (NAcc) neurons of rats was extracellularly recorded during intravenous cocaine self-administration sessions (0.7 mg/kg per infusion, fixed ratio 1). We reported previously that NAcc neurons showed a change, usually a decrease, in firing rate during the first 1 min after the cocaine-reinforced lever press. This postpress change was followed by a progressi...

The striatum plays a major role in both motor control and learning and memory, including executive function and "behavioral flexibility." Lesion, temporary inactivation, and infusion of an N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA)-receptor antagonist into the dorsomedial striatum (dmSTR) impair reversal learning in adult rats. Systemic administration of MK-801 disrupts reversal learning in developing rats, a...