Introduction: The N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors, which have been implicated in memory formation, could be noncompetitively blocked by ketamine. The present study examines the short term effect of ketamine on induction of anterograde and retrograde amnesia in male rats using Morris water maze (MWM). Methods: Male N-MRI rats were randomly divided into nine experimental groups. MWM stud...

BACKGROUND Severe angulation or shortening can be a surgical indication for fifth metacarpal neck fracture. In a previous meta-analysis, antegrade intramedullary pinning was shown to produce better hand function outcomes than percutaneous transverse pinning or miniplate fixation for treatment of fifth metacarpal neck fractures. However, the outcomes of retrograde intramedullary pinning, to our ...

Retrograde axonal transport of cellular signals driven by dynein is vital for neuronal survival. Mouse models with defects in the retrograde transport machinery, including the Loa mouse (point mutation in dynein) and the Tg(dynamitin) mouse (overexpression of dynamitin), exhibit mild neurodegenerative disease. Transport defects have also been observed in more rapidly progressive neurodegenerati...

BACKGROUND Effective soft tissue graft fixation to the tibial tunnel in all-inside anterior cruciate ligament reconstructions has been reported to be a problem and may lead to retrograde pullout at ultimate load testing. HYPOTHESIS A combined retrograde bioabsorbable screw and cortical-cancellous suture button suspension apparatus would gain stiffness from the button and strength from the scr...

Blood flow patterns in conduit arteries characterized by high levels of retrograde shear stress can be detrimental for vascular health. In this study we examined whether retrograde shear rate and endothelial function are related in healthy and formerly preeclamptic (PE) women and whether this relationship is altered by exercise training. Formerly PE women (32 ± 4 yr, n = 20) and controls (32 ± ...

Acute leg exercise increases brachial artery retrograde shear rate (SR), while chronic exercise improves vasomotor function. These combined observations are perplexing given the proatherogenic impacts of retrograde shear stress on the vascular endothelium and may be the result of brief protocols used to study acute exercise responses. Therefore, we hypothesized that brachial artery retrograde S...

Retrograde axonal transport of cellular signals driven by dynein is vital for neuronal survival. Mouse models with defects in the retrograde transport machinery, including the Loa mouse (point mutation in dynein) and the Tg dynamitin mouse (overexpression of dynamitin), exhibit mild neurodegenerative disease. Transport defects have also been observed in more rapidly progressive neurodegeneratio...