Background: Multiple dural arteriovenous malformations occur rarely in the same individual. We describe a patient with bilateral, mirror image, dural arteriovenous malformations (DAVMs). This unusual case raises interesting questions regarding the origin of DAVMs. Case Description: We report the case of a 63-year-old hypertensive man who presented with the acute onset of confusion associated wi...

The left atrium (LA) acts as a booster pump during late diastole, generating the Doppler transmitral A wave and contributing incrementally to left ventricular (LV) filling. However, after volume loading and in certain disease states, LA contraction fills the LV less effectively, and retrograde flow (i.e., the Doppler Ar wave) into the pulmonary veins increases. The purpose of this study was to ...

Conventional ultrasound (US) methods for blood velocity estimation only provide one-dimensional and angle-dependent velocity estimates; thus, the complexity of cardiac flow has been difficult to measure. To circumvent these limitations, the Transverse Oscillation (TO) vector flow method has been proposed. The vector flow method implemented on a commercial scanner provided real-time, angle-indep...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE This article evaluates the intracranial venous hemodynamics of dural arteriovenous fistula (DAVF) on the basis of data from color Doppler flow imaging (CDFI) findings of the superior ophthalmic vein (SOV) and discusses the clinical application of the SOV CDFI to the DAVFs. METHODS We examined the diameter, flow direction, flow waveform, and flow velocity of the SOV usin...

AIM We aimed to identify and describe characteristic and diagnostic ultrasonographic features of arterioportal fistula cases. PATIENTS In this case series we describe 3 patients with arterioportal fistula. By depending on shared sonographic features of these patients we describe a "sonographic pattern" for the sonographic diagnosis of arterioportal fistula. CONCLUSION In summary; both of th...

The use of laparoscopic surgery in the treatment of Mirizzi syndrome is considered controversial due to the degree of technical difficulty. We herein describe the case of a 36-year-old woman who was admitted to our hospital due to appetite loss, nausea and back pain. Endoscopic retrograde cholangiography revealed a round-shaped filling defect at the confluence of the bile duct. The patient was ...

A 63-year-old hypertensive man presented with vertebral artery (VA) dissection manifesting as subarachnoid hemorrhage located mainly in the posterior fossa. Left vertebral angiography on the day of hemorrhage showed complete occlusion of the left VA. Right vertebral angiography showed retrograde filling of the distal portion of the left VA and the left posterior inferior cerebellar artery, and ...

Biliary cast syndrome (BCS) is an unusual complication of orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT). BCS is characterized by multiple intrahepatic biliary strictures, ductal dilatation, intrahepatic abscesses, and biliary anastomotic leakage. The symptoms of BCS usually include high fever, jaundice and cholestatic liver enzyme elevation; similar to the symptoms observed in some patients with intra...

Extra peritoneal bladder injuries are very difficult to diagnose on clinical examination alone. CT-scan with cystogram (Contrast: Ultavista300) is a reliable diagnostic tool to evaluate such injuries at an early stage. For accurate diagnosis of bladder injury, enhancement of bladder contents is necessary otherwise extravasated urine can be mistaken for haematoma or ascites. Retrograde filling o...

A 51-year-old healthy man was hit in the chest by the shock-waves generated by an explosion, without being injured by any physical object. He felt immediate chest pain, but, in spite of electrocardiographic tracings highly suspicious for an acute anteroseptal infarction in the emergency room, he was discharged from hospital. The electrocardiogram recorded three weeks later was pathognomonic of ...