With careful design, mixed microstructures consisting of fine plates of upper bainitic ferrite separated by thin films of stable retained austenite have exhibited impressive combinations of strength and toughness in highsilicon bainitic steels. The silicon suppresses the precipitation of brittle cementite leading to an improvement in toughness. The essential principles governing the optimisatio...

We determined the threshold proportion of polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) for a diagnosis of cytological endometritis (CEM), the risk factors for this condition, and its impact on reproductive performance in dairy cows. Uterine cytology was performed on 407 Holstein cows 4 weeks postpartum to determine the proportions of endometrial cells and PMNs. A receiver operator characteristics curve ...

A total number of 1243 records of calving cases of 585 dairy Friesian cows during 8 consecutive years from 1997 to 2004 collected from Sakha Animal Production Research Station belonging to Animal Production Research Institute, Agriculture Research Center were used to study the effect of sire, live body weight (LBW) and age of dam and calving season on twinning rate and its consequent effects on...

To discuss the management options of retained products of conception (RPOC) with increased vascularity where simple dilatation and curettage may lead to life threatening haemorrhage and endanger the life of the patient. We present a series of three cases that had RPOC with hyper vascularity and were managed with different approaches. A brief review of management options is discussed. Out of thr...

Information from 7712 lactations of Holstein dairy cows was collected from 33 commercial herds around Ithaca, NY in the 3 yr from 1981 to 1983. The data were divided into subsets corresponding to lactation 1, lactation 2, and lactation 3 or greater. To estimate heritabilities of dystocia, retained placenta, metritis, ovarian cysts, milk fever, and mastitis, a mixed linear model (herd-year fixed...

Parturition can be synchronized in cattle by inducing or postponing. An intramuscular injection of glucocorticoid and/or Prostaglandin F2a (PGF) induces calving within a few days after the treatment with a high incidence of retention of fetal membrane. A combined administration of a long-acting glucocorticoid and PGF improves the synchrony of partuntion, but does not reduce the incidence of ret...

The tempering of two–phase mixtures of bainitic ferrite and carbon–enriched retained austenite has been investigated in an effort to separate the reactions that occur at elevated temperatures from any transformation during cooling to ambient conditions. It is demonstrated using synchrotron X–radiation measurements, that the residue of austenite left at the tempering temperature partly decompose...

The current study was carried out to determine the influence of different resting surfaces and stall types on milk yield and animal health. Study was carried out in Bursa that is one of the most important cities of Turkey in terms of dairy production. Effects of resting surfaces and stall types on milk yield were found to be important. Also influence of different resting surfaces and stall type...