1 Abstract The propagation of electrical excitation in a ring of cells described by the Noble, Beeler-Reuter (BR), Luo-Rudy I (LR I), and third-order simpliied (TOS) mathematical models is studied using computer simulation. For each of the models it is shown that after transition from steady-state circulation to quasi-periodicity achieved by shortening the ring length (RL), the action potential...

Mechanisms associated with right ventricular (RV) hypertension and arrhythmias are less understood than those in the left ventricle (LV). The aim of our study was to investigate whether and by what mechanisms a proarrhythmic substrate exists in a rat model of RV hypertension and hypertrophy. Rats were injected with monocrotaline (MCT; 60 mg/kg) to induce pulmonary artery hypertension or with sa...

We sought to understand the degree to which a single computational cardiovascular model could replicate the typical responses of healthy subjects through a breadth of blood loss patterns and whether such a model could illuminate the cause-effect relationships that underlie the observed responses. The model consisted of compartments for the upper body, lower body, viscera, and kidneys as well as...

Electrocardiographic QT- and T-wave alternans, presaging ventricular arrhythmia, reflects compromised adaptation of action potential (AP) duration (APD) to altered heart rate, classically attributed to incomplete Na(v)1.5 channel recovery prior to subsequent stimulation. The restitution hypothesis suggests a function whose slope directly relates to APD alternans magnitude, predicting a critical...

Alternans is the periodic beat-to-beat short-long alternation in action potential duration (APD), which is considered to be a precursor of ventricular arrhythmias and sudden cardiac death. In extended cardiac tissue, electrical alternans can be either spatially concordant (SCA, all cells oscillate in phase) or spatially discordant (SDA, cells in different regions oscillate out of phase). SDA gi...

ABSTRACT The results of two sets of impact experiments are reported within. To assist with model development using the impact data reported, the materials are mechanically characterized using a series of standard experiments. The first set of impact data comes from a series of coefficient of restitution experiments, in which a 2 meter long pendulum is used to study “in context” measurements of ...

Under conditions of Na(+) channel hyperactivation with aconitine, the changes in action potential duration (APD) and the restitution characteristics have not been well defined in the context of aconitine-induced arrhythmogenesis. Optical mapping of voltage using RH237 was performed with eight extracted rabbit hearts that were perfused using the Langendorff system. The characteristics of APD res...

The current work presents a different methodology for modeling the impact between elastoplastic spheres. Recent finite element results modeling the static deformation of an elasto-plastic sphere are used in conjunction with equations for the variation of kinetic energy to obtain predictions for the coefficient of restitution. A model is also needed to predict the residual deformation of the sph...

AIMS Contemporary ionic-based membrane models are computationally expensive and are not intended to match the properties of a given experimental preparation. The aim of this work was to use measured restitution properties of electrically remodelled atrial tissue to develop a simplified membrane model based on the Fenton-Karma (FK) equations amenable to large-scale simulation of chronic atrial f...

The action potential duration (APD) of ventricular myocytes depends on the length of the preceding diastolic interval (DI) in a relationship termed “electrical restitution.” The APD shortens with decreasing cycle length and thus with decreasing DI.1 The teleological advantage of this phenomenon is that it provides increased time for excitation-contraction coupling at long cycle lengths while pr...