Traditionally, the materials which are regarded as antigens recognized by γδ T lymphocytes are protein and carbohydrate, not nucleic acid or lipid. Recently, it has been demonstrated that γδ T cells can recognize lipid A and directly induce immune responses that involve CD1 (cluster of differentiation type 1) family and Toll like receptors (TLRs). This is a review about the interacting-mechanis...

Undertreatment of risk factors in patients with type 2 is common. We assessed the influence of elevated levels of blood pressure, total cholesterol and HbA1c on decisions of Dutch general practitioners to change drug treatment in a cohort of 3029 patients during a 1-year period. Respectively 58%, 71% and 21% of patients remained untreated despite poor blood pressure, lipid levels and glycemic c...

The Cascades Query Optimizer Framework is a tool to help the database implementor DBI in constructing a query optimizer for a DBMS It is data model independent and allows to code a query optimizer by providing the implementations of the subclasses of prede ned interface classes When the implementations of the required classes are provided properly the generated optimizer produces the optimum ex...

The ability of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) to develop high levels of genetic diversity, and thereby acquire mutations to escape immune pressures, contributes to the difficulties in producing a vaccine. Possibly no single HIV-1 sequence can induce sufficiently broad immunity to protect against a wide variety of infectious strains, or block mutational escape pathways available to ...

We conducted field experiments in 2002 and 2003 to determine whether the functional response of white-footed mice (Peromyscus leucopus ) to gypsy moth (Lymantria dispar ) pupae is decelerating (e.g. type 2) or accelerating (e.g. type 3) at low pupal density. In both experiments, live gypsy moth pupae were deployed in June (prior to the appearance of natural pupae) at densities of approximately ...

Gamma (30-80 Hz) rhythms in hippocampus and neocortex resulting from the interaction of excitatory and inhibitory cells (E- and I-cells), called Pyramidal-Interneuronal Network Gamma (PING), require that the I-cells respond to the E-cells, but don't fire on their own. In idealized models, there is a sharp boundary between a parameter regime where the I-cells have weak-enough drive for PING, and...

Title of Document: THE DEVELOPMENT AND CHARACTERIZATION OF TRANSGENIC LEISHMANIA MAJOR EXPRESSING MURINE CD40L. Ann Elizabeth Field, Ph.D., 2007 Directed By: David Mosser, Professor, Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics Leishmanization is the inoculation of live Leishmania into the host to vaccinate against subsequent infections. This approach has been largely discontinued due to safety concerns...

statement of problem: despite the wide range of new dental materials, there is still a need for biomaterials demonstrating high biocompatibility, antimicrobial effects and ideal mechanical properties. purpose: the aim of this study was to histologically evaluate the pulpal response to a conventional glass ionomer, a resin modified glass ionomer and a calcium hydroxide in human teeth. materials ...

in this study, the strain rate effect on the bending properties of fiber reinforced composites for three types of polymer composites namely phenolic resin reinforced by woven basalt fibers, woven carbon fibers, and woven basalt/ woven carbon fibers at a total volume fraction of approximately 35% has been determined. flexural tests have been conducted at low range of strain rates included 0.03 m...