Over the past decade, economists have developed efficiency wage models to explain the presence of wage rigidity and thus of involuntary unemployment. In these models, workers' productivity depends positively on the wage or firms' costs depend negatively on the wage, giving firms an incentive to pay wages above the market-clearing level. One type of efficiency wage model is the turnover cost mod...

Union Wages and the Minimum Wage Henry S. Farber Massachusetts Institute of Technology It is argued that a change in the minimum wage may affect the outcomes of collective bargaining through its effect on a hypothetical "reference wage" which the union rank-and-file use as a basis of comparison in formulating their wage demand. It is further argued that the importance of the minimum wage in the...

Are Wage and Employment Effects Robust to Alternative Minimum Wage Variables? A national minimum wage cannot explain variation in wages or employment across regions. Identification of the effect of the minimum wage separately from the effect of other variables on wages or employment requires regional variation. Many minimum wage variables with regional variation have been suggested in the liter...

This paper investigates wage dynamics assuming the potential presence of dual wage stickiness: with respect to both the frequency as well as the size of wage adjustments. In particular, this paper proposes a structural model of wage inflation dynamics assuming that although workers adjust wage contracts at discrete time intervals, they are limited in their abilities to adjust wages as much as t...

A New Model of Wage Determination and Wage Inequality This paper proposes a new model of wage determination and wage inequality. In this model, wage-setters set workers’ wages; they do so either directly, as when individuals vote in a salary committee, or indirectly, as when political parties, via the myriad of social, economic, fiscal, and other policies, generate wages. The recommendations ma...

In order to optimize the operation of the RSVPv2 protocol in mobile infra-structured networks this paper proposes a set of extensions. The proposed extensions are: employment of the reservation message to quickly create reservation states after a handoff is performed; utilization of teardown message in order to explicitly remove the reservation states from the old path; extension of the mobile ...

The Redistributive Effects of Political Reservation for Minorities: Evidence from India We examine the impact of political reservation for disadvantaged minority groups on poverty. To address the concern that political reservation is endogenous in the relationship between poverty and reservation, we take advantage of the state-time variation in reservation in state legislative assemblies in Ind...

Most routing and wavelength assignment (RWA) algorithms for all-optical networks do not consider the potential problem of wavelength reservation confliction, which can happen even if the network is only lightly loaded. In this paper, we propose a new reservation protocol MBR (Markov-based backward reservation) based on Markov modeling of the optical links. Our simulations show that this new pro...