Restoration of many forest ecosystems will require replanting of native species. Choosing the proper seed source is essential to ensure long-term success of restoration plantings, especially if local seed sources are unavailable or genetically degraded. A successful restoration requires seed sources that are adapted to the climate and site, and are genetically diverse to allow subsequent reprod...

Vertebrates exhibit varied behavioural and physiological tactics to promote reproductive success. We examined mechanisms that could enable female loggerhead turtles to undertake nesting activities and maintain seasonal reproduction despite recent shark injuries of varying severity. We proposed that endocrinal mechanisms that regulate both a turtle's stress response and reproductive ability are ...

Evolutionary studies often assume that energy is the primary resource (i.e. "currency") at the heart of the survival-reproduction trade-off, despite recent evidence to the contrary. The evolutionary consequences of having a single trade-off currency versus multiple competing currencies are unknown. Using simulations, we modeled the evolution of either a single physiological currency between rep...

For long-lived organisms, the fitness value of survival is greater than that of current reproduction. Asymmetric fitness rewards suggest that organisms inhabiting unpredictable environments should adopt a risk-sensitive life history, predicting that it is adaptive to allocate resources to increase their own body reserves at the expense of reproduction. We tested this using data from reindeer po...

Natural selection does not necessarily favor maximal reproduction because reproduction imposes fitness costs, reducing parental survival, and offspring quality. Here, we show that parents in a preindustrial population in North America incurred fitness costs from reproduction, and women incurred greater costs than men. We examined the survivorship and reproductive success (Darwinian fitness) of ...

According to life-history theory, reproductive investments involve costs in terms of growth, future fecundity, and/or survival. However, studies to date have often failed to detect costs of reproduction, with survival costs among the less documented. We investigated the cost of reproduction in Helianthemum squamatum (Cistaceae), a short-lived perennial of semiarid Mediterranean environments. Af...

© 2012 Santos et al., licensee InTech. This is an open access chapter distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Certification and Integration of Environment with Quality and Safety – A Path to Sust...

Much thought has been given to the individual-level traits that may make a species a successful colonizer. However, these traits have proven to be weak predictors of colonization success. Here, we test whether population-level characteristics, specifically genetic diversity and population density, can influence colonization ability on a short-term ecological timescale, independent of longer-ter...

Unfettered growth of slums is a daunting transition challenge and many upgrading programs fail to sustainably improve the livelihoods slum residents. This paper elaborates transitions perspective on structural tensions that may lead success or failure programs. We conceptualize as urban subsystems, governed by sociotechnical (infrastructure) socioeconomic livelihood regimes (related production ...

The development of new agricultural industries is an important challenge for a region’s economic establishment. connection between research department at MIGAL Institute and biotechnology in aquaculture example (case study) the interrelationships that also exist other departments. This article describes conducted by institute supporting industry Israel through introduction relatively fish speci...